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Review
. 2023 Dec 4;53(4):48-53.

Consequences of 1,4-Butanediol Misuse: A Review

VYu Skryabin  1 , YuB Shevtsova  2 , E A Novoselova  3
Affiliations
Review

Consequences of 1,4-Butanediol Misuse: A Review

VYu Skryabin et al. Psychopharmacol Bull. .

Abstract

Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), along with its precursors, 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), are potent central depressant agents widely illicitly used for their euphoric and relaxant effects. The article presents a review of the literature on the 1,4-BD misuse, the clinical picture of intoxication, development of addiction and delirium. The available evidence shows that 1,4-BD is a substance with its own psychoactive effects, a high addiction potential and potentially severe withdrawal symptoms.

Keywords: 1,4-BD; 1,4-butanediol; GHB; addiction; precursors.

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