Time to Disability Milestones and Annualized Relapse Rates in NMOSD and MOGAD

Ankelien Duchow^#^{1

2

3}, Judith Bellmann-Strobl^#^{1

2

3}, Tim Friede⁴, Orhan Aktas⁵, Klemens Angstwurm⁶, Ilya Ayzenberg⁷, Achim Berthele⁸, Eva Dawin⁹, Daniel Engels¹⁰, Katinka Fischer⁵, Martina Flaskamp⁸, Katrin Giglhuber⁸, Matthias Grothe¹¹, Joachim Havla¹⁰, Martin W Hümmert¹², Sven Jarius¹³, Matthias Kaste¹⁴, Peter Kern¹⁵, Ingo Kleiter¹⁶, Luisa Klotz⁹, Mirjam Korporal-Kuhnke¹³, Markus Kraemer^{5

17}, Markus Krumbholz^{18

19

20}, Tania Kümpfel¹⁰, Lisa Lohmann⁹, Marius Ringelstein^{5

21}, Paulus Rommer^{22

23}, Patrick Schindler^{1

2

3}, Charlotte Schubert²⁴, Carolin Schwake⁷, Makbule Senel²⁵, Florian Then Bergh²⁶, Daria Tkachenko¹², Hayrettin Tumani²⁵, Corinna Trebst¹², Ioannis Vardakas²⁵, Annette Walter²⁷, Clemens Warnke²⁸, Martin S Weber^{29

30}, Jonathan Wickel³¹, Brigitte Wildemann¹³, Alexander Winkelmann²³, Friedemann Paul^{1

2

3}, Jan-Patrick Stellmann^#^{24

32

33}, Vivien Häußler^#²⁴; Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS)

Collaborators, Affiliations

Collaborators

Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS):
Ankelien Duchow, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Tim Friede, Jan-Patrick Stellmann, Vivien Häußler, Ankelien Duchow, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Tim Friede, Ilya Ayzenberg, Achim Berthele, Eva Dawin, Daniel Engels, Katinka Fischer, Martina Flaskamp, Katrin Giglhuber, Matthias Grothe, Joachim Havla, Martin W Hümmert, Sven Jarius, Matthias Kaste, Peter Kern, Ingo Kleiter, Luisa Klotz, Mirjam Korporal-Kuhnke, Markus Kraemer, Markus Krumbholz, Tania Kümpfel, Lisa Lohmann, Marius Ringelstein, Paulus Rommer, Patrick Schindler, Charlotte Schubert, Carolin Schwake, Makbule Senel, Florian Then Bergh, Daria Tkachenko, Hayrettin Tumami, Corinna Trebst, Ioannis Vardakas, Annette Walter, Clemens Warnke, Martin S Weber, Jonathan Wickel, Brigitte Wildemann, Alexander Winkelmann, Friedemann Paul, Jan-Patrick Stellmann, Vivien Häußler, Ankelien Duchow, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Jan-Patrick Stellmann, Vivien Häußler

Affiliations

¹ Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
² Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
³ Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
⁴ Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
⁵ Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
⁶ Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
⁷ Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
⁸ Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
⁹ Department of Neurology with Institute of translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
¹⁰ Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.
¹¹ Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
¹² Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
¹³ Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, Nordwest Hospital Sanderbusch, Sande, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology, Asklepios Expert Clinic Teupitz, Teupitz, Germany.
¹⁶ Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke, Berg, Germany.
¹⁷ Department of Neurology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany.
¹⁸ Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center for Translational Medicine, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, University Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany.
¹⁹ Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany.
²⁰ Department of Neurology & Stroke, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
²¹ Department of Neurology, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
²² Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
²³ Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
²⁵ Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
²⁶ Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
²⁷ Department of Neurology, Herford Hospital, Herford, Germany.
²⁸ Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Göttingen, Germany.
²⁹ Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
³⁰ Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and, Pharmacology, Göttingen, Jena, Germany.
³¹ Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Hamburg, Germany.
³² APHM, Hopital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.
³³ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38086777
DOI: 10.1002/ana.26858

Time to Disability Milestones and Annualized Relapse Rates in NMOSD and MOGAD

Ankelien Duchow et al. Ann Neurol. 2024 Apr.

. 2024 Apr;95(4):720-732.

doi: 10.1002/ana.26858. Epub 2024 Jan 13.

Authors

Collaborators

Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group (NEMOS):
Ankelien Duchow, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Tim Friede, Jan-Patrick Stellmann, Vivien Häußler, Ankelien Duchow, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Tim Friede, Ilya Ayzenberg, Achim Berthele, Eva Dawin, Daniel Engels, Katinka Fischer, Martina Flaskamp, Katrin Giglhuber, Matthias Grothe, Joachim Havla, Martin W Hümmert, Sven Jarius, Matthias Kaste, Peter Kern, Ingo Kleiter, Luisa Klotz, Mirjam Korporal-Kuhnke, Markus Kraemer, Markus Krumbholz, Tania Kümpfel, Lisa Lohmann, Marius Ringelstein, Paulus Rommer, Patrick Schindler, Charlotte Schubert, Carolin Schwake, Makbule Senel, Florian Then Bergh, Daria Tkachenko, Hayrettin Tumami, Corinna Trebst, Ioannis Vardakas, Annette Walter, Clemens Warnke, Martin S Weber, Jonathan Wickel, Brigitte Wildemann, Alexander Winkelmann, Friedemann Paul, Jan-Patrick Stellmann, Vivien Häußler, Ankelien Duchow, Judith Bellmann-Strobl, Jan-Patrick Stellmann, Vivien Häußler

Affiliations

¹ Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
² Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
³ Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
⁴ Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
⁵ Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
⁶ Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
⁷ Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
⁸ Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
⁹ Department of Neurology with Institute of translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
¹⁰ Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.
¹¹ Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
¹² Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
¹³ Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
¹⁴ Department of Neurology, Nordwest Hospital Sanderbusch, Sande, Germany.
¹⁵ Department of Neurology, Asklepios Expert Clinic Teupitz, Teupitz, Germany.
¹⁶ Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke, Berg, Germany.
¹⁷ Department of Neurology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany.
¹⁸ Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center for Translational Medicine, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, University Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany.
¹⁹ Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany.
²⁰ Department of Neurology & Stroke, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
²¹ Department of Neurology, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
²² Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
²³ Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
²⁴ Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
²⁵ Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
²⁶ Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
²⁷ Department of Neurology, Herford Hospital, Herford, Germany.
²⁸ Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Göttingen, Germany.
²⁹ Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
³⁰ Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and, Pharmacology, Göttingen, Jena, Germany.
³¹ Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Hamburg, Germany.
³² APHM, Hopital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France.
³³ Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 38086777
DOI: 10.1002/ana.26858

Abstract

Objective: To investigate accumulation of disability in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in a changing treatment landscape. We aimed to identify risk factors for the development of disability milestones in relation to disease duration, number of attacks, and age.

Methods: We analyzed data from individuals with NMOSD and MOGAD from the German Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group registry. Applying survival analyses, we estimated risk factors and computed time to disability milestones as defined by the Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS).

Results: We included 483 patients: 298 AQP4-IgG⁺ NMOSD, 52 AQP4-IgG^-/MOG-IgG^- NMOSD patients, and 133 patients with MOGAD. Despite comparable annualized attack rates, disability milestones occurred earlier and after less attacks in NMOSD patients than MOGAD patients (median time to EDSS 3: AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD 7.7 (95% CI 6.6-9.6) years, AQP4-IgG^-/MOG-IgG^- NMOSD 8.7) years, MOGAD 14.1 (95% CI 10.4-27.6) years; EDSS 4: 11.9 (95% CI 9.7-14.7), 11.6 (95% lower CI 7.6) and 20.4 (95% lower CI 14.1) years; EDSS 6: 20.1 (95% CI 16.5-32.1), 20.7 (95% lower CI 11.6), and 37.3 (95% lower CI 29.4) years; and EDSS 7: 34.2 (95% lower CI 31.1) for AQP4-IgG⁺ NMOSD). Higher age at onset increased the risk for all disability milestones, while risk of disability decreased over time.

Interpretation: AQP4-IgG⁺ NMOSD, AQP4-IgG^-/MOG-IgG^- NMOSD, and MOGAD patients show distinctive relapse-associated disability progression, with MOGAD having a less severe disease course. Investigator-initiated research has led to increasing awareness and improved treatment strategies appearing to ameliorate disease outcomes for NMOSD and MOGAD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:720-732.

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References

1. Marignier R, Hacohen Y, Cobo‐Calvo A, et al. Myelin‐oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease. Lancet Neurol 2021;20:762–772.
1. Jarius S, Wildemann B, Paul F. Neuromyelitis optica: clinical features, immunopathogenesis and treatment. Clin Exp Immunol 2014;176:149–164.
1. Hor JY, Asgari N, Nakashima I, et al. Epidemiology of neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum disorder and its prevalence and incidence worldwide. Front Neurol 2020;11:501.
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Time to Disability Milestones and Annualized Relapse Rates in NMOSD and MOGAD

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Time to Disability Milestones and Annualized Relapse Rates in NMOSD and MOGAD

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