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. 2023 Dec 12;13(1):22004.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49351-3.

Synergistic impact of arbutin and kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from Nephelium lappaceum L. on whitening efficacy and stability of cosmetic formulations

Ittipon Siridechakorn  1 , Junsuda Pimpa  1 , Siwattra Choodej  2 , Nattaya Ngamrojanavanich  1 , Khanitha Pudhom  3
Affiliations

Synergistic impact of arbutin and kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside from Nephelium lappaceum L. on whitening efficacy and stability of cosmetic formulations

Ittipon Siridechakorn et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Four flavonoid glycosides, namely quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (1), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (2), kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), from Nephelium lappaceum L. seeds were evaluated for their efficacy against melanin inhibition in B16F10 melanoma cells and tyrosinase inhibition. Among them, kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) displayed the highest potency in both activities without any significant cytotoxicity. The combination of compound 3 and arbutin in specific proportions demonstrated a synergistic effect (CI < 1) in inhibiting melanin production in B16F10 cells and tyrosinase inhibition. Additionally, a cosmetic formulation containing compound 3 and arbutin as active ingredients exhibited favorable stability under accelerated storage conditions. Quantitative analysis indicated that compound 3 and arbutin levels in the formulation were above 90% after one month of storage. Determination of the formulation's shelf life using the Q10 method, estimating it to be around 5.2 months from the date of manufacture. The synergy between arbutin and kaempferol-7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (3) extracted from N. lappaceum substantially enhances both the whitening effectiveness and the stability of cosmetic formulations.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Structures of compounds 1–4 isolated from N. lappaceum L. seed extract.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of various concentrations of compounds 1–4 (A–D) on the melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells. Following exposure, cell viability was then measured by MTT assay. The percentages are plotted as the mean ± SD of triplicate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared with untreated control.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of the mixtures of compound 3 and arbutin with various ratio on the melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells. Following exposure, cell viability was then measured by MTT assay. The percentages are plotted as the mean ± SD of triplicate. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 compared with untreated control.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Color of the formulation F1 and F2 in the accelerated storage period.
Figure 5
Figure 5
HPLC chromatogram of standard compound 3 and arbutin (A), and formulation F1 (B).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Calibration curve of compound 3 and arbutin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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