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Editorial
. 2023 Oct 20;85(12):5855-5858.
doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001434. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Unveiling the recent outbreak of Legionella in Poland: approaches and obstacles - an editorial

Hritvik Jain  1 , Samia Aziz Sulaiman  2 , Prakriti Pokhrel  3 , Noor Ullah Khan  4 , Amogh Verma  5
Affiliations
Editorial

Unveiling the recent outbreak of Legionella in Poland: approaches and obstacles - an editorial

Hritvik Jain et al. Ann Med Surg (Lond). .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Pathogenesis of Legionnaires’ disease: (1) Sources of infection: Legionella bacilli are attached in biofilms within man-made and natural water systems. (2) Exposure: Human exposure to Legionella bacilli is through inhalation or aspiration to the lungs. (3) Immune response: Legionella intracellularly in alveolar macrophages, causing lung inflammation as a result of recruited immune cells. (4) Infection: Manifestations begin in patients after the incubation period of 5–6 days commonly. Legionellosis most typically presents as acute pneumonia and less commonly as a non-pneumonic type or otherwise, with extrapulmonary manifestations.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Symptoms and manifestations of Legionnaires’ disease: The majority of symptoms present as respiratory manifestations; nevertheless, systemic symptoms also arise, usually affecting the gastrointestinal system and the central nervous system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. World Health Organization . Legionellosis – Poland; 2023. Accessed 15 September 2023. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON487
    1. Reuters . WHO says 23 deaths from Legionnaires’ disease reported in Poland; 14 September 2023. Accessed 15 September 2023. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/who-says-23-legionellosis-linked-de...
    1. ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) . Legionnaires’ disease. Annual Epidemiological Report for 2021. Key facts; 2021. Accessed 15 September 2023. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/legionnaires-di...
    1. CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) . Legionnaires Disease History and Patterns. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021. Accessed 15 September 2023. https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/history.html
    1. https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/health-depts/surv-reporting/surveillance-... CDC Legionella Surveillance Reports | CDC; 2021. Accessed 15 September 2023.

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