Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Nov 17;120(46):795-796.
doi: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0200.

Partially Reversible Immunodeficiency After In-Utero Exposure to Immunosuppressants

Katharina L Gossling, Robin Kobbe, Benedikt Boetticher, Stavrieta Soura, Arndt Borkhardt, Helmut Wittkowski, Matthias Schwab, Guido Kobbe, Jennifer Neubert, Sujal Ghosh, Hans-Jurgen Laws, Prasad Thomas Oommen

Partially Reversible Immunodeficiency After In-Utero Exposure to Immunosuppressants

Katharina L Gossling et al. Dtsch Arztebl Int. .
No abstract available

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Irreversible immunoglobulin class switch deficiency after exposure to rituximab in utero: immunoglobulin levels (y-axis) of subclasses IgG (dark red for patient 1, dark blue for patient 2) and IgM (orange for patient 1, light blue for patient 2) are plotted over the course of the patients’ ages (x-axis). IgA is not detectable in either patient at any point. The correlating duration of immunoglobulin substitution (grey bar), vaccinations (arrow, I = inactivated vaccine, L = live vaccine), and lacking confirmation of vaccine antibodies (star) are shown. Patient 1 and patient 2 were exposed to rituximab in utero.
Figure 2
Figure 2
T-cell immune reconstitution after exposure to azathioprine in utero: the total count of all T-cells (CD3+, grey), T-helper-cells (CD3+ CD4+, dark blue), and cytotoxic T-cells (CD3+ CD8+, dark red) (y-axis) are plotted in months over course of the patients’ age (x-axis). Patient 3 was exposed to azathioprine during the pregnancy.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Götestam Skorpen C, Hoeltzenbein M, Tincani A, et al. The EULAR points to consider for use of antirheumatic drugs before pregnancy, and during pregnancy and lactation. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:795–810. - PubMed
    1. Belizna C, Meroni PL, Shoenfeld Y, et al. In utero exposure to Azathioprine in autoimmune disease. Where do we stand? Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19 102525. - PubMed
    1. Stang A, Schwärzler P, Schmidtke S, Tolosa E, Kobbe R. Successful immunochemotherapy for Burkitt lymphoma during pregnancy as a bridge to postpartum high-dose methotrexate therapy: a case report and review of the literature. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2020;20:e284–e290. - PubMed
    1. Clark R, Lindsey D, Whiteway S, Mikita C, Lieuw K. Dysfunctional immune system reconstitution after rituximab exposure in utero. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2021;43:e601–e604. - PubMed
    1. Blom M, Pico-Knijnenburg I, van Montfrans JM. Abnormal results of newborn screening for SCID after azathioprine exposure in utero: benefit of TPMT genotyping in both mother and child. J Clin Immunol. 42:199–202. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances