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. 2023 Oct-Dec;14(4):332-337.
doi: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_286_23. Epub 2023 Oct 30.

Chromolaena odorata Linn leaf extract - Geothermal versus nongeothermal: Phytochemical, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity screenings

Azzaki Abubakar  1 , Hanifah Yusuf  2 , Maimun Syukri  3 , Rosnani Nasution  4 , Rinaldi Idroes  4   5
Affiliations

Chromolaena odorata Linn leaf extract - Geothermal versus nongeothermal: Phytochemical, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity screenings

Azzaki Abubakar et al. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2023 Oct-Dec.

Abstract

Chromolaena odorata Linn, a popular yet underutilized ethnomedicinal plant, is hypothesized to possess higher bioactive phytoconstituents when it grows in geothermal areas. In this study, the comparison of ethanolic extract from geothermal and nongeothermal C. odorata leaves was carried out based on the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity. The leaf extracts were produced from a maceration using ethanol 96%, where the products were identified using reagents and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activities of both samples were measured based on their 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities. Cytotoxicity was determined by brine shrimp lethality test using Artemia salina. Phenols were found to be more abundant in geothermal sample based on the qualitative screening and GC-MS analysis (i.e. higher relative abundance of phytol - 3.97%). DPPH antioxidant was higher in geothermal sample than in nongeothermal sample (median inhibitory concentration =13.04 ± 3.35 mg/L vs. 41.09 ± 4.13 mg/L, respectively). Geothermal sample was noncytotoxic (median lethal concentration [LC50] =2139.30 mg/L), whereas the nongeothermal sample had low cytotoxicity (LC50 = 491.48 mg/L). Taken altogether, geothermal C. odorata leaves contain higher bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant activities.

Keywords: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; antioxidant; cytotoxicity; gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; siam weed.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sampling locations of Chromolaena odorata leaves in geothermal area Ie Suum (IS-1) and non-geothermal area Lhoknga (L-1) indicated by red and green colors, respectively
Figure 2
Figure 2
Secondary metabolites of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts (geothermal and nongeothermal) detected through qualitative phytochemical test. Color intensity is indicative to the quantity of the phytocompounds
Figure 3
Figure 3
TPC (a), TFC (b), and TTC (c) of the ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata leaves collected from geothermal and nongeothermal locations. GAE: Gallic acid equivalent, QE: Quercetin equivalent, TAE: Tannic acid equivalent, TFC: Total flavonoid contents, TPC: Total phenolic contents, TTC: Total tannin contents
Figure 4
Figure 4
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition (a) and median inhibitory concentration (b) of Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts collected from geothermal and nongeothermal areas. Statistically significant at **P <0.01 based on independent t-test
Figure 5
Figure 5
BSLT results for Chromolaena odorata leaf extracts collected from geothermal (a) and non-geothermal (b) areas
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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