Once-Daily Oral Berotralstat for Long-Term Prophylaxis of Hereditary Angioedema: The Open-Label Extension of the APeX-2 Randomized Trial

Abstract

Background: Berotralstat is a first-line, once-daily oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor approved for prophylaxis of hereditary angioedema (HAE) attacks in patients 12 years or older.

Objective: This analysis examined the safety and effectiveness of long-term prophylaxis with berotralstat.

Methods: APeX-2 was a phase 3, parallel-group, multicenter trial in patients with HAE caused by C1-inhibitor deficiency (NCT03485911). Part 1 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of 150 and 110 mg of berotralstat over 24 weeks. In part 2, berotralstat-treated patients continued the same treatment, and placebo-treated patients were re-randomized to 150 or 110 mg of berotralstat for 24 weeks. In part 3, all patients were treated with open-label berotralstat at 150 mg, which could be continued for up to an additional 4 years. In part 3, the primary endpoint was long-term safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included HAE attack rates and quality of life (QoL).

Results: Eighty-one patients entered part 3. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 82.7% of patients, with most being mild or moderate in severity. The most common TEAEs were nasopharyngitis, urinary tract infection, abdominal pain, arthralgia, coronavirus infection, and diarrhea. Drug-related TEAEs occurred in 14.8% of patients, but none were serious. For patients who completed 96 weeks of berotralstat treatment (n = 70), the mean (standard error) change in attack rate from baseline was -2.21 (0.20) attacks/mo. Clinically meaningful improvements in QoL were also observed, with the largest improvements in the functioning domain.

Conclusion: Berotralstat was generally well tolerated, provided rapid and sustained reductions in HAE attacks and improved QoL over 96 weeks.

Keywords: Angioedema; Berotralstat; Complement C1 inhibitor protein; Hereditary; Oral therapy; Plasma kallikrein inhibitor; Prophylaxis.