Interim Analysis of a Trial Evaluating the Utility of Non-Targeted Biopsies for Colorectal Neoplasia Detection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Persons with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affecting the colorectum (cIBD) have a 1.5- to 2-fold higher risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC) relative to age- and sex-matched members of the general population.¹ Intensive surveillance colonoscopy is recommended in this population to detect and treat early neoplastic lesions before they evolve to incurable cancers.² Some societies advocate for widespread non-targeted ("random") biopsies throughout the colorectum to screen for "invisible" neoplastic lesions, in addition to targeted biopsies and/or resection of visible lesions.² Despite the theoretical value of non-targeted biopsies in this setting, there are no high-quality, controlled data to support this practice. In addition to adding significant time and costs to colonoscopy screening, extensive biopsy sampling may also increase the risk of colorectal bleeding and bowel perforation, particularly in elderly patients and those receiving anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapies. With the widespread adoption of disease-modifying biologic and small molecule therapies,³ mucosal healing as a treatment end point,⁴ high-definition endoscopes,⁵ and endoscopy quality standards,⁶ as well as reports of very low neoplasia yield for non-targeted biopsies (0.1%-0.2% of biopsies),⁷ many experts have started to question the value of non-targeted biopsies as an adjunct for neoplasia surveillance in persons with cIBD.⁸ However, a recent large French cohort study reported that non-targeted biopsies still identify up to 20% of all neoplastic foci in persons with cIBD,⁹ albeit primarily in individuals with other major CRC risk factors.