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. 2023 Nov 28;9(12):e22926.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22926. eCollection 2023 Dec.

Visible and angular interrogation of Kretschmann-based SPR using hybrid Au-ZnO optical sensor for hyperuricemia detection

Siti Nasuha Mustaffa  1 , Nadhrah Md Yatim  2 , Affa Rozana Abdul Rashid  2 , Nadrah Md Yatim  2 , Vatsala Pithaih  1 , Nur Shahirah Sha'ari  2 , Ahmad Razif Muhammad  1 , Azaham Abdul Rahman  3 , Nur Akmar Jamil  1 , P Susthitha Menon  1
Affiliations

Visible and angular interrogation of Kretschmann-based SPR using hybrid Au-ZnO optical sensor for hyperuricemia detection

Siti Nasuha Mustaffa et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Uric acid is a waste product of the human body where high levels of it or hyperuricemia can lead to gout, kidney disease and other health issues. In this paper, Finite Difference Time Doman (FDTD) simulation method was used to develop a plasmonic optical sensor to detect uric acid with molarity ranging from 0 to 3.0 mM. A hybrid layer of gold-zinc oxide (Au-ZnO) was used in this Kretschmann-based Surface Plasmon Resonance (K-SPR) technique with angular interrogation at 670 nm and 785 nm visible optical wavelengths. The purpose of this study is to observe the ability of the hybrid material as a sensing performance enhancer for differentiating between healthy and unhealthy uric acid levels based on the refractive index values from previous study. Upon exposure to 670 nm wavelength, the average sensitivity of this sensor was found to be 0.028°/mM with a linearity of 98.67 % and Q-factor value of 0.0053 mM-1. While at 785 nm, the average sensitivity is equal to 0.0193°/mM with slightly lower linearity at 94.46 % and Q-factor value of 0.0076 mM-1. The results have proven the ability of hybrid material Au-ZnO as a sensing performance enhancer for detecting uric acid when compared with bare Au and can be further explored in experimental work.

Keywords: FDTD simulation; Kretschmann; Optical sensor; Surface plasmon resonance; Uric acid; Zinc oxide.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
BK7/Cr/Au/ZnO K-SPR sensor for uric acid detection.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
K-SPR reflectance curves obtained for the BK7/Cr-0.5 nm/Au-50 nm/ZnO/air system for ZnO thin film with 5 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 200 nm and 300 nm thickness at (a) 633 nm (b) 670 nm (c) 785 nm wavelength.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
K-SPR reflectance curves obtained for the BK7/Cr-0.5 nm/Au-50 nm/ZnO-5 nm/uric acid at different concentrations at 670 nm wavelength.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Resonance angle shift versus concentrations of uric acid at 670 nm wavelength.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
K-SPR reflectance curves for the BK7/Cr-0.5 nm/Au-50 nm/ZnO-5 nm/uric acid at different concentrations at 785 nm wavelength.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Resonance angle shift versus concentrations of uric acid at 785 nm wavelength.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Comparison between the K-SPR Reflectance Curves of Au and hybrid Au/ZnO for Detection of Uric Acid at 0.6 mM at (a) 670 nm and (b) 785 nm.
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