Effects of rowing stroke rates on lower extremity intra-joint coordination variability in experienced young rowers

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of rowing stroke rates on lower extremity intra-joint coordination variability in professional rowers. Fifteen experienced young rowers volunteered to participate in this study. Kinematic data were recorded at different rowing speeds with seven Vicon cameras. The continuous relative phase (CRP) and CRP variability (CRPV) were used to calculate joint coordination and coordination variability, respectively, for the hip, knee, and ankle in the sagittal and horizontal planes, and a comparison was made among different rowing stroke rates. A vector analysis repeated measure ANOVA using statistical parametric mapping revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the hip-ankle, hip-knee, and knee-ankle CRPs for rowing at different stroke rates. Moreover, there was higher CRPV in the mid-drive and mid-recovery phases and less variability in the transition from the drive phase to the recovery phase. The results demonstrate the importance of knee joint in rowing tasks in experienced rowers during submaximal rowing stroke rate and the shift of movement to the hip at higher rowing stroke rate. Moreover, there was a smaller variability during drive-to-recovery transition, which may suggests an increased risk for overuse injuries.

Fig 1. Positions and phases of rowing stroke based on Kleshnev’s description (Kleshnev 2016).

Fig 2

(a) Hip FL/EX–ankle PF/DF continuous relative phase and (b) its variability at different rowing speeds. The green shaded portions illustrate times in the stroke cycle when there was a significant difference between stroke rates.

Fig 3

(a) Knee FL/EX–ankle PF/DF continuous relative phase and (b) its variability at different rowing speeds. The green shaded portions illustrate times in the stroke cycle when there was a significant difference between stroke rates.

Fig 4

(a) Hip FL/EX–knee FL/EX continuous relative phase and (b) its variability at different rowing speeds. The green shaded portions illustrate times in the stroke cycle when there was a significant difference between stroke rates.

Fig 5

(a) Knee IR/ER–ankle PF/DF continuous relative phase and (b) its variability at different rowing speeds. The green shaded portions illustrate times in the stroke cycle when there was a significant difference between stroke rates.

Fig 6

(a) Hip FL/EX–knee IR/ER continuous relative phase and (b) its variability at different rowing speeds. The green shaded portions illustrate times in the stroke cycle when there was a significant difference between stroke rates.