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Review
. 2024 Dec;31(1):2296349.
doi: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2296349. Epub 2023 Dec 21.

Advances in the use of local anesthetic extended-release systems in pain management

Yulu Chen  1 , Jingmei Xu  1 , Ping Li  2   3 , Liyang Shi  4 , Sha Zhang  1 , Qulian Guo  1   2 , Yong Yang  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Advances in the use of local anesthetic extended-release systems in pain management

Yulu Chen et al. Drug Deliv. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

Pain management remains among the most common and largely unmet clinical problems today. Local anesthetics play an indispensable role in pain management. The main limitation of traditional local anesthetics is the limited duration of a single injection. To address this problem, catheters are often placed or combined with other drugs in clinical practice to increase the time that local anesthetics act. However, this method does not meet the needs of clinical analgesics. Therefore, many researchers have worked to develop local anesthetic extended-release types that can be administered in a single dose. In recent years, drug extended-release systems have emerged dramatically due to their long duration and efficacy, providing more possibilities for the application of local anesthetics. This paper summarizes the types of local anesthetic drug delivery systems and their clinical applications, discusses them in the context of relevant studies on local anesthetics, and provides a summary and outlook on the development of local anesthetic extended-release agents.

Keywords: Pain management; drug delivery system; extended-release system; local anesthetics.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flow chart of DepoFoam technology and structural characteristics of bupivacaine multivesicular liposomes. Reprinted with permission from Lu B et al. (2021), copyright© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
SLN and NLC structure model diagram. Reprinted with permission from de Souza Guedes et al. (2021), copyright© 2021 MDPI.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Ropivacaine microemulsions and microemulsion gels: a scheme for preparation, optimization, and evaluation steps. Reprinted with permission from Zhao L et al. (2014), copyright© 2014 Elsevier B.V.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Lidocaine cellulose composite microneedle preparation flow chart. (A) Microneedle manufacturing schematic. (B) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showing cellulose microfibrils. (C) Lidocaine fish scale biopolymer nanocellulose MNs arrays. Reprinted with permission from Medhi et al. (2017), copyright© 2017 American Association of pharmaceutical scientists.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Flow chart of HA-loaded lidocaine for the preparation of dissolving MNs. Reprinted with permission from Yang et al. (2020), copyright© 2020 MDPI.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Flow chart for the preparation of PLGA particles loaded with proparacaine. Reprinted with permission from Bragagni et al. (2018), copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Flow chart for preparation of hollow gold nanoparticles for the local anesthetic delivery system. Reprinted with permission from Alejo et al. (2018), copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Preparation of a magnetic nanoparticle sustained release system for ropivacaine. Reprinted with permission from Mantha et al. (2014), copyright © 2014 International anesthesia research society.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Graphene oxide/chitosan-based nanocomposite hydrogels loaded with bupivacaine. Reprinted with permission from Al Homsi et al. (2022), copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Mesoporous silica drug delivery system for local anesthetics. Reprinted with permission from Wang H et al. (2021), copyright © 2021 acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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