Cardiac tumors in 19 years of private practice

Abstract

Since 1966 the authors have encountered nine cardiac tumors: eight myxomas and one tumor initially thought to be a sarcoma but histologically a squamous carcinoma. Seven myxomas were left atrial and the other were right atrial in location. The carcinoma was predominantly located in the right ventricle. Eight of the nine patients were female; ages ranged from 32 to 85 years. Of the myxomas, five displayed fever and dyspnea, two congestive heart failure and one transient ischemic episodes. The patient with carcinoma was in right heart failure. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization as well as echocardiography when it became available. Five myxomas were correctly diagnosed preoperatively while three were thought to have mitral stenosis. The patient with carcinoma showed a large right ventricular filling defect and a picture of constriction. All myxoma patients underwent surgery--three via left thoracotomy and five via sternotomy. Seven patients survived; however, the patient with right atrial myxoma was explored via the left chest for mitral stenosis and the myxoma was not discovered. She died of a pulmonary embolism pathologically confirmed as myxoma. All survivors have been followed by yearly echocardiograms and are free of recurrence. The patient with carcinoma died before surgery could be performed. Autopsy revealed almost complete replacement of the right ventricle by tumor and constrictive pericarditis. The terminal event was pulmonary embolus of squamous carcinoma. Although cardiac tumors are a rare entity, a high incidence of suspicion plus modern diagnostic methods can yield the diagnosis and allow a curative operation.