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. 2023 Nov 24;11(12):3125.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11123125.

The Interplay between Muscular Grip Strength and Bone Mineral Density with Consideration of Metabolic and Endocrine Parameters in Individuals with Turner Syndrome

Mariola Krzyścin  1   2 , Karolina Gruca-Stryjak  3   4 , Ewelina Soszka-Przepiera  5 , Igor Syrenicz  6 , Adam Przepiera  7 , Aneta Cymbaluk-Płoska  1 , Žana Bumbulienė  8 , Elżbieta Sowińska-Przepiera  2   6
Affiliations

The Interplay between Muscular Grip Strength and Bone Mineral Density with Consideration of Metabolic and Endocrine Parameters in Individuals with Turner Syndrome

Mariola Krzyścin et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Introduction: Patients with Turner syndrome (TS) often face skeletal and muscular challenges, including reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and muscle weakness. This comprehensive study sheds light on the complex interplay between muscle strength, BMD, and metabolic and endocrine parameters in TS and healthy subjects.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 42 TS patients and 70 healthy women was conducted. All patients had their BMD determined in the L1-L4 lumbar spine section and in the whole skeleton as well as the parameters of body fat mass (BF), and visceral fat mass (VF) were also determined. The maximum gripping force was measured with a hydraulic manual dynamometer. In addition, a number of blood hormonal and metabolic parameters were determined.

Results: In the TS group, hand grip strength correlated positively with triglyceride levels but not with BMD. Healthy individuals had a positive link between hand grip strength and BMD, while patients with TS did not show a significant association between the two. A trend suggested that longer recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy might improve BMD in the L1-L4 region. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that muscle strength assessment may be a potential exponent of reduced BMD, and also used clinically in young adult women but not in individuals with TS.

Conclusions: The relationship between BMD variables and hand grip might differ between the two groups, potentially indicating distinct musculoskeletal characteristics in TS patients. Longer rhGH therapy in TS patients may have a positive effect on BMD in the L1-L4 region. Understanding the intricate relationships between these factors is important for optimizing clinical management strategies and improving the quality of life for TS patients.

Keywords: T syndrome; bone mineralization; hormone replacement therapy; hypogonadism; muscle mass; muscle strength.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author Karolina Gruca-Stryjak was employed by the company Centers for Medical Genetics GENESIS, ul. Jana Henryka Dąbrowskiego 77A, 60-406 Poznań, Poland. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Linear regression (red lines; standard errors: dark grey) of bone mineral density parameters versus mean hand grip for patients with TS (a,b) and controls (c,d). (a) BMD L1–L4 in patients with TS; (b) BMD-total in patients with TS; (c) BMD L1–L4 in the control group (CG); (d) BMD-total in control group (CG).
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