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. 2023 Dec 5;28(24):7939.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28247939.

Ag@AuNP-Functionalized Capillary-Based SERS Sensing Platform for Interference-Free Detection of Glucose in Urine Using SERS Tags with Built-In Nitrile Signal

Yanmei Si  1 , Hua Wang  2 , Yehao Yan  3 , Bingwen Li  4 , Zeyun Ni  4 , Hongrui Shi  4
Affiliations

Ag@AuNP-Functionalized Capillary-Based SERS Sensing Platform for Interference-Free Detection of Glucose in Urine Using SERS Tags with Built-In Nitrile Signal

Yanmei Si et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

A Ag@AuNP-functionalized capillary-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing platform for the interference-free detection of glucose using SERS tags with a built-in nitrile signal has been proposed in this work. Capillary-based SERS capture substrates were prepared by connecting 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (MBA) to the surface of the Ag@AuNP layer anchored on the inner wall of the capillaries. The SERS tags with a built-in interference-free signal could then be fixed onto the Ag@AuNP layer of the capillary-based capture substrate based on the distinguished feature of glucose, which can form a bidentate glucose-boronic complex. Thus, many "hot spots" were formed, which produced an improved SERS signal. The quantitative analysis of glucose levels was realized using the interference-free SERS intensity of nitrile at 2222 cm-1, with a detection limit of about 0.059 mM. Additionally, the capillary-based disposable SERS sensing platform was successfully employed to detect glucose in artificial urine, and the new strategy has great potential to be further applied in the diagnosis and control of diabetes.

Keywords: Ag@AuNPs; SERS sensing analysis; SERS tags; functionalized capillary; glucose; interference-free signal.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic illustration of (A) the preparation of SERS tags, (B) the fabrication of capillary-based SERS capture substrate, (C) the capillary-based SERS sensing platform for the detection of glucose by using SERS tags with a built-in interference-free signal.
Figure 1
Figure 1
TEM images of (A) AgNPs. (B) Ag@AuNPs, and (C) Ag@MBN@AuNPs. (D) Elemental analysis of Ag@AuNPs: (a) DF-STEM image, (b,c) EDX elemental maps of Ag and Au, and (d) overlay of Ag and Au. (E) Elemental analysis of Ag@MBN@AuNPs: (a) DF-STEM image, (b,c) EDX elemental maps of Ag and Au, and (d) overlay of Ag and Au. Notes: red color represent the Ag element and green color represent the Au element in Figure (D,E). (F) UV−vis spectra of AgNPs, Ag@AuNPs, and Ag@MBN@Au NPs. (G) Photographs of AgNP, Ag@AuNP, and Ag@MBN@AuNP solutions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) SERS spectra of Ag@AuNPs, Ag@AuNPs/MBA, Ag@MBN@AuNPs, and Ag@MBN@AuNPs/MBA. (B) SERS spectra of capillary (Ct), capillary/Ag@AuNPs (Ct/Ag@AuNPs), and capillary/Ag@AuNPs/MBA (Ct/Ag@AuNPs/MBA).
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) SERS spectra from 22 different points of one capillary-based SERS capture substrate. (Insert: standard deviation of SERS intensity at 1582 cm−1 for the 22 SERS spectra in (A)). (B) SERS spectra from 22 different capillary-based SERS capture substrates. (Insert: standard deviation of SERS intensity at 1582 cm−1 for the 22 SERS spectra in (B)).
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) SERS spectra of Ct/Ag@AuNPs/MBA + Glucose, Ct/Ag@AuNPs/MBA + Glucose + SERS tags, and Ct/Ag@AuNPs/MBA + SERS tags. Effects of incubation time for (B) glucose and (C) SERS tags.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) SERS spectra of the capillary-based SERS sensing platform’s response to different concentrations of glucose. (B) Linear relationship between the SERS intensity (I2222) of the capillary-based SERS sensing platform and glucose concentration. (C) SERS spectra of the capillary-based SERS sensing platform incubated with glucose, galactose, and fructose at the same concentrations (5 mM).
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