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. 2024 Jan 10;16(1):1361-1369.
doi: 10.1021/acsami.3c17503. Epub 2023 Dec 26.

Size-Based Norfentanyl Detection with SWCNT@UiO-MOF Composites

Zidao Zeng  1 , Meiirbek Islamov  2 , Yiwen He  1   2 , Brian A Day  2 , Nathaniel L Rosi  1   2 , Christopher E Wilmer  2   3   4 , Alexander Star  1   5   4
Affiliations

Size-Based Norfentanyl Detection with SWCNT@UiO-MOF Composites

Zidao Zeng et al. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. .

Abstract

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)@metal-organic framework (MOF) field-effect transistor (FET) sensors generate a signal through analytes restricting ion diffusion around the SWCNT surface. Four composites made up of SWCNTs and UiO-66, UiO-66-NH2, UiO-67, and UiO-67-CH3 were synthesized to explore the detection of norfentanyl (NF) using SWCNT@MOF FET sensors with different pore sizes. Liquid-gated FET devices of SWCNT@UiO-67 showed the highest sensing response toward NF, whereas SWCNT@UiO-66 and SWCNT@UiO-66-NH2 devices showed no sensitivity improvement compared to bare SWCNT. Comparing SWCNT@UiO-67 and SWCNT@UiO-67-CH3 indicated that the sensing response is modulated by not only the size-matching between NF and MOF channel but also NF diffusion within the MOF channel. Additionally, other drug metabolites, including norhydrocodone (NH), benzoylecgonine (BZ), and normorphine (NM) were tested with the SWCNT@UiO-67 sensor. The sensor was not responding toward NH and or BZ but a similar sensing result toward NM because NM has a similar size to NF. The SWCNT@MOF FET sensor can avoid interference from bigger molecules but sensor arrays with different pore sizes and chemistries are needed to improve the specificity.

Keywords: MOF; UiO-66; UiO-67; carbon nanotube; field-effect transistor; opioid metabolite.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1. Illustration of Synthetic Strategy of SWCNT@UiO-MOF Composites and the Fabrication of Size-Based SWCNT@MOF FET Device
Figure 1
Figure 1
TEM images of composites (a) SWCNT@UiO-66, (b) SWCNT@UiO-66-NH2, (c) SWCNT@UiO-67, and (d) SWCNT@UiO-67-CH3; SEM images of deposited composites on interdigitated electrodes (e) SWCNT@UiO-66, (f) SWCNT@UiO-66-NH2, (g) SWCNT@UiO-67, and (h) SWCNT@UiO-67-CH3; and PXRD of composites (i) SWCNT@UiO-66, (j) SWCNT@UiO-66-NH2, (k) SWCNT@UiO-67, and (l) SWCNT@UiO-67-CH3. Scale bars are 500 nm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) Liquid-gated FET transfer characteristics (I–Vg) of the SWCNT and composites. Source-drain voltage VSD = 50 mV. (b) I–Vg curves in log scale. (c) Mean ± SD relative responses@– 0.5 V Vg of SWCNT (n = 6), SWCNT@UiO-66 (n = 6), and SWCNT@UiO-67 (n = 4). (d) Mean ± SD relative responses at −0.5 V Vg of SWCNT (n = 6), SWCNT@UiO-66 (n = 6), SWCNT@UiO-66-NH2 (n = 4), SWCNT@UiO-67 (n = 6), and SWCNT@UiO-67-CH3 (n = 6). Error bars are device-to-device variance.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Depictions of norfentanyl molecules inside the pores of (a) UiO-66, (b) UiO-67, and (c) UiO-67-CH3. (d) Molecular simulation snapshot of norfentanyl in the center of the UiO-67 pore. Small turquoise spheres represent the ions in the solvent.
Figure 4
Figure 4
I–Vg curves of (a) SWCNT, (b) SWCNT@UiO-66, and (c) SWCNT@UiO-67 FET devices in PBS and 100 ppm of norfentanyl solution.
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