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Review
. 2023 Dec 5:14:1292596.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1292596. eCollection 2023.

Endogenous and microbial biomarkers for periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Songjun Li  1 , Hongwen Li  1   2 , Haiying Kong  1 , Shang Ying Wu  3 , Chak Kwong Cheng  4 , Jian Xu  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Endogenous and microbial biomarkers for periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Songjun Li et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

It has been well documented that there is a two-way relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Diabetes mellitus represents an established risk factor for chronic periodontitis. Conversely, chronic periodontitis adversely modulates serum glucose levels in diabetic patients. Activated immune and inflammatory responses are noted during diabetes and periodontitis, under the modulation of similar biological mediators. These activated responses result in increased activity of certain immune-inflammatory mediators including adipokines and microRNAs in diabetic patients with periodontal disease. Notably, certain microbes in the oral cavity were identified to be involved in the occurrence of diabetes and periodontitis. In other words, these immune-inflammatory mediators and microbes may potentially serve as biomarkers for risk assessment and therapy selection in diabetes and periodontitis. In this review, we briefly provide an updated overview on different potential biomarkers, providing novel diagnostic and therapeutic insights on periodontal complications and diabetes mellitus.

Keywords: adipokines; biomarkers; diabetes mellitus; microRNAs; oral microbiome; periodontitis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus. Hyperactive immune and inflammatory responses participate in the vicious cycle between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus, associated with increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, higher oxidative stress and disruption of signaling pathways. Yellow cross: promotion. Up red arrows: increase.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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