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. 2023 Dec 1;7(12):886-897.
doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300102.

Recent Advances in the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Next-Generation Antibodies

Rohit Singh  1 , Pankaj Chandley  1 , Soma Rohatgi
Affiliations

Recent Advances in the Development of Monoclonal Antibodies and Next-Generation Antibodies

Rohit Singh et al. Immunohorizons. .

Abstract

mAbs are highly indispensable tools for diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications. The first technique, hybridoma technology, was based on fusion of B lymphocytes with myeloma cells, which resulted in generation of single mAbs against a specific Ag. Along with hybridoma technology, several novel and alternative methods have been developed to improve mAb generation, ranging from electrofusion to the discovery of completely novel technologies such as B cell immortalization; phage, yeast, bacterial, ribosome, and mammalian display systems; DNA/RNA encoded Abs; single B cell technology; transgenic animals; and artificial intelligence/machine learning. This commentary outlines the evolution, methodology, advantages, and limitations of various mAb production techniques. Furthermore, with the advent of next-generation Ab technologies such as single-chain variable fragments, nanobodies, bispecific Abs, Fc-engineered Abs, Ab biosimilars, Ab mimetics, and Ab-drug conjugates, the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors have become resourceful to develop highly specific mAb treatments against various diseases such as cancer and autoimmune and infectious diseases.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no financial conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
Schematic representation of various technologies used for mAb generation. Created with BioRender.
FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 2.
Schematic representation of next-generation Abs. Created with BioRender.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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