A Review on the Pharmacological Aspects of Engeletin as Natural Compound

Abstract

Background: Engeletin (ENG) is a natural flavonoid compound known for its diverse physiological and pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. It has garnered significant attention as a promising candidate for drug development.

Objective: This article aims to comprehensively review the clinical application, pharmacological action, and potential mechanisms of ENG, while exploring its prospects in clinical pharmacology.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and MEDLINE for a thorough review of high-quality articles on the source, extraction, and application of ENG, or the primary active ingredient for improving bodily injuries.

Results: ENG exhibits significant potential in treating a variety of diseases across different systems, attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor, and metabolic regulatory activities. These effects are linked to direct or indirect interactions with multiple pathways involving key molecules upstream and downstream.

Conclusion: While ENG shows promise, its development requires further exploration. Future studies should focus on elucidating its mechanisms of action, identifying targets through clinical studies, and optimizing compounds for drug development. These research directions are crucial for advancing the development and application of flavonoids. This review underscores the significant research potential of ENG, paving the way for its application in diverse clinical settings.

Keywords: agent; engeletin; liliaceous plants; pharmacological.

Figure 1

The extraction process of ENG. Collected the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of Genus Quercetin (Rhus), Smilacis Chinae (RSC), Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae (RSG), Artocarpus dadah, Pieris japonica, Dioon spinulosum, and Pachymaria cocos, crushed and ground, and ethanol or methanol were used as solvents to extract ENG from the plant materials. The resulting extracts were then filtered to remove solid impurities. Finally, the extract was concentrated and crystallized to obtain pure ENG.

Figure 2

The potential role of ENG in different diseases.

Figure 3

ENG and signaling pathway regulation. ENG inhibits the nuclear transcriptional activity of NF-κB by preventing the degradation of IκB and promoting the binding of IκB to NF-κB, thereby preventing the release and entry of NF-κB into the nucleus. ENG inhibits the phosphorylation of ERK and p38, thereby affecting the activity of downstream signaling molecules and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors and apoptosis-related genes. ENG inhibits the activity of PI3K and reduces the secondary signaling molecule PIP3 produced by PI3K. Solid black arrows represent facilitative effects, dashed black arrows indicate potential effects, and solid blue lines indicate inhibitory effects.