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. 2024 Jan 2;13(1):e031716.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.031716. Epub 2023 Dec 29.

Incidence and Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Andrew Fu Wah Ho  1   2 , Huili Zheng  3 , Zi Hui Celeste Ng  4 , Pin Pin Pek  1 , Benny Jun Heng Ng  4 , Yip Han Chin  4 , Timothy Jia Rong Lam  4 , Truls Østbye  5 , Jasper Tromp  6   7 , Marcus Eng Hock Ong  1   2 , Jun Wei Yeo  4 ; Singapore PAROS Investigators †
Collaborators, Affiliations

Incidence and Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Survivors of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Andrew Fu Wah Ho et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .

Abstract

Background: Despite the increasing long-term survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), the risk of subsequent acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains poorly understood. We aimed to determine the incidence, predictors, and long-term outcomes of AMI among survivors of OHCA.

Methods and results: We assembled a retrospective cohort of 882 patients with OHCA who survived to 30 days or discharge from the hospital between 2010 and 2019. Survivors of OHCA had an increased risk of subsequent AMI, defined as AMI occurring 30 days after index OHCA or following discharge from the hospital after OHCA, compared with the general population when matched for age and sex (standardized incidence ratio, 4.64 [95% CI, 3.52-6.01]). Age-specific risks of subsequent AMI for men (standardized incidence ratio, 3.29 [95% CI, 2.39-4.42]) and women (standardized incidence ratio, 6.15 [95% CI, 3.27-10.52]) were significantly increased. A total of 7.2%, 8.3%, and 14.3% of survivors of OHCA had a subsequent AMI at 3 years, 5 years, and end of follow-up, respectively. Age at OHCA (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04 [95% CI, 1.02-1.06]) and past medical history of prior AMI, defined as any AMI preceding or during the index OHCA event (HR, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.05-3.22]), were associated with subsequent AMI, while an initial shockable rhythm was not (HR, 1.00 [95% CI, 0.52-1.94]). Survivors of OHCA with subsequent AMI had a higher risk of death (HR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.12-2.22]) than those without.

Conclusions: Survivors of OHCA are at an increased risk of subsequent AMI compared with the general population. Prior AMI, but not an initial shockable rhythm, increases this risk, while subsequent AMI predicts death. Preventive measures for AMI including cardiovascular risk factor control and revascularization may thus improve outcomes in selected patients with cardiac pathogenesis.

Keywords: acute myocardial infarction; death; long‐term follow‐up; out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest; survivors.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Cumulative incidence of subsequent acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
A, Cumulative incidence of subsequent AMI among all survivors of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). (B) Cumulative incidence of subsequent AMI among survivors of OHCA aged ≥65 years and aged <65 years. (C) Cumulative incidence of subsequent AMI among survivors of OHCA with and without previous AMI. (D) Cumulative incidence of subsequent AMI among survivors of OHCA with shockable and nonshockable rhythm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier plot for time to death after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) among survivors of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest with subsequent AMI.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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