Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Dec 14:14:1309787.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1309787. eCollection 2023.

Maternal isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first trimester is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for macrosomia: a prospective cohort study in China

Jing Du  1   2 , Linong Ji #  1 , Xiaomei Zhang #  2 , Ning Yuan  2 , Jianbin Sun  2 , Dan Zhao  2
Affiliations

Maternal isolated hypothyroxinemia in the first trimester is not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for macrosomia: a prospective cohort study in China

Jing Du et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Objective: Insufficient thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester, adversely affect maternal and fetal health. However, the impact of isolated hypothyroxinemia (IH) on adverse pregnancy outcomes remains controversial. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between IH during the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 1236 pregnant women. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels were measured before 13 weeks of gestation. Logistic regression analysis and the Cochran-Armitage trend test were used to assess the association between IH in the first trimester and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Results: IH during the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of macrosomia. After adjusting for confounding factors, including age, body mass index, parity, abnormal pregnancy history, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that IH in the first trimester remained an independent risk factor for macrosomia. In addition, the risk of macrosomia increased with IH severity. However, no significant relationship was found between IH during the first trimester and gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, placental abruption, oligohydramnios, premature delivery, fetal distress, or low birth weight.

Conclusion: IH during the first trimester did not increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for macrosomia.

Keywords: first trimester; isolated hypothyroxinemia; macrosomia; pregnancy outcome; prospective cohort study.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart depicting participants’ selection process.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of pregnancy outcomes in the euthyroid and IH groups. Compared with the euthyroid group, *P < 0.05. IH Hypothyroxinemia, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, HDP hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, PROM premature rupture of membranes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of pregnancy outcomes among the euthyroid, mild IH, and severe IH groups. Compared with the euthyroid group, *P < 0.05; Compared with the mild IH group, # P< 0.05. IH Hypothyroxinemia, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, HDP hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, PROM premature rupture of membranes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Forhead AJ, Fowden AL. Thyroid hormones in fetal growth and prepartum maturation. J Endocrinol (2014) 221(3):R87–R103. doi: 10.1530/JOE-14-0025 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Allan WC, Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Williams JR, Mitchell ML, Hermos RJ, et al. . Maternal thyroid deficiency and pregnancy complications: implications for population screening. J Med Screen (2000) 7(3):127–30. doi: 10.1136/jms.7.3.127 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ahn HY, Yi KH. Diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum: 2023 revised Korean thyroid association guidelines. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) (2023) 38(3):289–94. doi: 10.3803/EnM.2023.1696 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lee SY, Pearce EN. Assessment and treatment of thyroid disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Nat Rev Endocrinol (2022) 18(3):158–71. doi: 10.1038/s41574-021-00604-z - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, et al. . 2017 Guidelines of the american thyroid association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid (2017) 27(3):315–89. doi: 10.1089/thy.2016.0457 - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources