Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Nov 21;29(4):205-208.
doi: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_97_23. eCollection 2022 Oct-Dec.

Ocular Manifestations of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Jordan

Khalid Al-Zubi  1 , Fawaz Sarayrah  1
Affiliations

Ocular Manifestations of Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Jordan

Khalid Al-Zubi et al. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. .

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of various ocular manifestations in diagnosed cases of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in Jordan. It will also find the association of these manifestations with primary and secondary APS.

Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study to analyze the ocular manifestations of APS in Jordan. Data of 90 cases were obtained from public hospitals from January 2018 to January 2021. There should have been at least two positive tests with a minimum of 12-week gap between them. The electronic data regarding Schirmer tests, examination of visual acuity (Snellen acuity), neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, dilated fundus examination for posterior eye segment manifestations, and slit-lamp examination for anterior eye segment were also recorded and analyzed. Using SPSS version 25, the frequency and percentages of the categorical data were computed. Pearson's Chi-square test was conducted to find the associations.

Results: Among 90 APS cases, 52 (58%) patients had primary APS and 38 (42%) had secondary APS. At the same time, systemic lupus erythematosus was diagnosed in 31 (34%) patients. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eyes), decreased vision, and retinal vasculitis were the most common manifestations observed.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of ocular manifestations warrants ophthalmologists to look for APS, as ocular manifestations could be the initial symptoms and/or signs of APS.

Keywords: Antiphospholipid syndrome; Jordan; ocular; systemic lupus erythematosus.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Duarte-García A, Pham MM, Crowson CS, Amin S, Moder KG, Pruthi RK, et al. The Epidemiology of antiphospholipid syndrome:A population-based study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71:1545–52. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Amengual O, Atsumi T. Antiphospholipid syndrome, “the best prophet of the future”. Mod Rheumatol. 2018;28:409–16. - PubMed
    1. Uludag G, Onghanseng N, Tran AN, Hassan M, Halim MS, Sepah YJ, et al. Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of antiphospholipid syndrome and ocular manifestations. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2021;11:11. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Yang P, Kruh JN, Foster CS. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2012;23:528–32. - PubMed
    1. Dammacco R, Procaccio P, Racanelli V, Vacca A, Dammacco F. Ocular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus:The experience of two tertiary referral centers. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2018;26:1154–65. - PubMed

MeSH terms