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. 2023 Dec 14;8(51):48764-48774.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05748. eCollection 2023 Dec 26.

Nanocellulose/Fe3O4/Ag Nanozyme with Robust Peroxidase Activity for Enhanced Antibacterial and Wound Healing Applications

Seada Abdo Geleto  1 , Abera Merga Ariti  1 , Beamlak Teshome Gutema  2 , Ebrahim M Abda  2   3 , Alfoalem Araba Abiye  4 , Solomon M Abay  4 , Menbere Leul Mekonnen  1   5 , Yitayal Admassu Workie  1   5
Affiliations

Nanocellulose/Fe3O4/Ag Nanozyme with Robust Peroxidase Activity for Enhanced Antibacterial and Wound Healing Applications

Seada Abdo Geleto et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Peroxidase memetic nanozymes with their free radical-mediated catalytic actions proved as efficacious antibacterial agents for combating bacterial resistance. Herein, nanocellulose (NC) extracted from Eragrostis teff straw was used to prepare NC/Fe3O4/Ag peroxidase nanozyme as an antibacterial and wound healing agent. Characterization of the nanozyme with XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and XPS confirmed the presence of silver NPs and the magnetite phase of iron oxide dispersed on nanocellulose. The peroxidase activity of the prepared nanozyme was examined using TMB and H2O2 as substrates which turned blue in acidic pH (λmax = 652 nm). With a lower Km (0.387 mM), the nanozyme showed a comparable affinity for TMB with that reported for the HRP enzyme. Furthermore, the nanozyme remained efficient over a broader temperature range while maintaining 61.53% of its activity after the fourth cycle. In vitro, antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) bacterial strains showed that NC/Fe3O4/Ag exhibits concentration-dependent and enhanced antibacterial effect for Escherichia coli compared to NC and NC-Fe3O4 and negative control. Furthermore, the wound-healing performance of the NC-Fe3O4-Ag nanozyme was investigated in vivo using an animal model (mice). The nanozyme showed 30% higher wound healing performance compared to the control base ointment and is comparable with the commercial nitrofurazone ointment. The results show the potential of the prepared nanozyme for wound-healing purposes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Photographic images of mice (a) wound created; (b) applying bacteria on the created wound; (c) infected wound (photo taken by Seada Abdo Geleto Copyright 2023).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) SEM micrographs of (a) nanocellulose; (b) NC-Fe3O4–Ag nanocomposite; (B) XRD pattern of (a) nanocellulose; (b) Fe3O4 NPs; (c) Ag NPs; (d) NC-Fe3O4–Ag.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) (a) Wide scan XPS spectrum of NC-Fe3O4–Ag nanocomposite; high-resolution XPS spectrum for (b) Fe 2p; (c) Ag 3d. (B) FT-IR spectrum of (a) commercial cellulose; (b) NC; (c) NC-Fe3O4; and (d) NC-Fe3O4–Ag nanocomposite.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Preliminary peroxidase activity tests for NC-Fe3O4–Ag nanocomposite; (a) TMB + H2O2+ nanozyme; (b) buffer + TMB + H2O2; (c) TMB + H2O2; (B) comparison of peroxidase activity of nanozymes; (C) effect of pH; (D) effect of nanozyme mass on the peroxidase activity.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Michaelis–Menten curve: (A) TMB; (C) H2O2. Lineweaver–Burk plot: (B) TMB; (D) H2O2.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(A) Thermal stability; (B) temporal stability; (C) recyclability of the nanozyme.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(A) In vitro antibacterial activity; (B) percentage survival; (C) effect of concentration on antibacterial activity of the nanozyme (photo taken by Seada Abdo Gelet Copyright 2023).
Figure 8
Figure 8
(A) Dermal toxicity effect; (B) percentage of wound contraction; (C) digital images of the wound healing process; (D) antibacterial test result from back culture (photo taken by Seada Abdo Geleto Copyright 2023).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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