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Review
. 2023 Dec 6;10(1):e23303.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23303. eCollection 2024 Jan 15.

Nanosponge: A promising and intriguing strategy in medical and pharmaceutical Science

Akash Garg  1 , Wen-Cheng Lai  2 , Himansu Chopra  1 , Rutvi Agrawal  1 , Talever Singh  1 , Ramkumar Chaudhary  1 , Braj Nandan Dubey  1
Affiliations
Review

Nanosponge: A promising and intriguing strategy in medical and pharmaceutical Science

Akash Garg et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The complicated chemical reactions involved in the production of the newer drug delivery systems have mainly impeded efforts to build successful targeted drug delivery systems for a prolonged duration of time. Nanosponges, a recently created colloidal system, have the potential to overcome issues with medication toxicity, decreased bioavailability, and drug release over a wide area because they can be modified to work with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic types of drugs. Nanosponges are small sized with a three-dimensional network having a porous cavity. They can be prepared easily by crosslinking cyclodextrins with different compounds. Due to Cyclodextrin's outstanding biocompatibility, stability, and safety, a number of Cyclodextrin-based drug delivery systems have been developed promptly. The nanosponge drug delivery system possesses various applications in various ailments such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, theranostic applications, enhanced bioavailability, stability, etc. This review elaborates on benefits and drawbacks, preparation techniques, factors affecting their preparation, characterization techniques, applications, and most current developments in nanosponges.

Keywords: Bioavailability; Crosslinking; Cyclodextrin; Nanosponges; Solubility.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Formulation methods of Nanosponges (A) Solvent Method (B) Ultra-Assisted synthesis (C) Emulsion solvent diffusion method (D) Melting method Reprinted from Ref. [23] with permission from Elsevier.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Histopathological evaluation of tail of mice after different treatments (a) Control, (b) Clobetasol Propionate 0.05 % w/v gel, and (c) Clobetasol Propionate -Cyclodextrin based Nanosponges14 (equivalent to CP 0.05 % w/v gel) Reprinted from Ref. [101] with permission from Elsevier.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Role of oxidative stress indicators in the mouse tail before and after the application of a dithranol nanosponge loaded hydrogel. (ROS- Reactive oxygen species, RNS- Reactive nitrogen species, T cell- T lymphocyte) Reprinted from Ref. [50] with permission from Elsevier.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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