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Review
. 2024 Mar;28(5):e18101.
doi: 10.1111/jcmm.18101. Epub 2024 Jan 2.

Immunotherapeutic prospects and progress in bladder cancer

Junwei Liu  1 , Yue Gao  2 , Chao Song  1 , Wenbiao Liao  1 , Lingchao Meng  1 , Sixing Yang  1 , Yunhe Xiong  1
Affiliations
Review

Immunotherapeutic prospects and progress in bladder cancer

Junwei Liu et al. J Cell Mol Med. 2024 Mar.

Abstract

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours of the urogenital system, with high morbidity and mortality. In most cases, surgery is considered the first choice of treatment, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the 5-year recurrence rate is still as high as 65% in patients with non-invasive or in situ tumours and up to 73% in patients with slightly more advanced disease at initial diagnosis. Various treatment methods for bladder cancer have been developed, and hundreds of new immunotherapies are being tested. To date, only a small percentage of people have had success with new treatments, though studies have suggested that the combination of immunotherapy with other therapies improves treatment efficiency and positive outcomes for individuals, with great hopes for the future. In this article, we summarize the origins, therapeutic mechanisms and current status of research on immunotherapeutic agents for bladder cancer.

Keywords: bacillus Calmette‐Guerin; bladder cancer; immune checkpoint inhibitors; immunotherapy.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflicts of interest in this study.

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