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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jan 2;24(1):27.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08910-9.

Dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ousman Mohammed  1 , Ermiyas Alemayehu  2 , Habtu Debash  2 , Melaku Ashagrie Belete  2 , Alemu Gedefie  2 , Mihret Tilahun  2 , Hussen Ebrahim  2 , Daniel Gebretsadik Weldehanna  2
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ousman Mohammed et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia is responsible for more than half of the global ischemic heart disease (IHD) and more than 4 million deaths annually. Assessing the prevalence of dyslipidemia can be crucial in predicting the future disease development and possible intervention strategies. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at assessing the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia in HIV-infected patients.

Methods: Electronic databases such as EMBASE, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, ResearchGate, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct were searched for articles and grey literature. All relevant studies found until our search period of May 24, 2023 were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The data were extracted in Microsoft Excel. The STATA version 14 software was used to conduct the meta-analysis. I2 and Cochran's Q test were employed to assess the presence of heterogeneity between studies. Due to the presence of heterogeneity, a random effect model was used. The publication bias was assessed using the symmetry of the funnel plot and Egger's test statistics. Moreover, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were also done.

Results: A total of nine studies that reported the prevalence of dyslipidemia were included. The overall pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients in Ethiopia was 67.32% (95% CI = 61.68%-72.96%). Furthermore, the overall pooled estimates of dyslipidemia among ART-taking and treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients were 69.74% (95% CI: 63.68-75.8, I2 = 87.2) and 61.46% (95% CI: 45.40-77.52, I2 = 90.3), respectively. Based on lipid profile fractionations, the pooled estimates for high total cholesterol (TC) were 39.08% (95% CI: 31.16-46.99), high triglycerides were 38.73% (95% CI: 28.58-48.88), high low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) was 28.40% (95% CI: 17.24-39.56), and low high density lipoprotein (HDL-c) was 39.42% (95% CI: 30.47-48.38).

Conclusion: More than two-thirds of HIV-infected patients experienced dyslipidemia. Therefore, it's critical to regularly evaluate lipid alterations in HIV-infected patients in order to prevent the onset of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular problems.

Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Dyslipidemia; Ethiopia; HIV/AIDS; Serum lipid abnormality.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of studies’ search and retrieval process
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among HIV- infected patients, 2023
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of lipid profile alterations among HIV-infected patients, 2023
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients by study year, 2023
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients by study design, 2023
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among ART taking and naïve HIV-infected patients, 2023
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Forest plot showing the pooled prevalence of dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients by study setting, 2023
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
A publication bias assessment plot of the reported prevalence of atherogenic dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients across Ethiopian studies, 2023
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Sensitivity analysis for single study influence of pooled estimate, 2023
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