Prevalence and trend of multiple coronary artery disease risk factors and their 5-year incidence rate among adult population of Kerman: results from KERCADR study

Abstract

Background: Coronary artery diseases (CADs) are the most important non‑communicable diseases (NCDs), which cause the highest number of deaths around the world. Hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia (DL), diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity (OB), low physical activity (LPA), smoking, opium consumption (OC) and anxiety are the most important CAD risk factors, which are more dangerously present in combination in some patients.

Methods: A total of 5835 people aged 15 to 75 years were enrolled in the phase 1 (2012) and followed up to the phase 2 (2017) of the population-based Kerman coronary artery diseases risk factors study (KERCADRS). The prevalence and pattern of different combinations of CAD risk factors (double to quintuple) and their 5-year incidence rates were assessed.

Results: The prevalence of single CAD risk factors (RFs) in phase 2 was 50.2% (DL), 47.1% (LPA), 28.1% (abdominal obesity), 21.2% (OB), 16.5% (HTN), 9.2% (smoking), 9.1% (OC), and 8.4% (DM). The most frequent combination of risk factors was LPA plus DL (23.9%), metabolic syndrome (19.6%), and DL plus OB (17.8%). The 5-year incidence rates of multiple comorbidities (in persons per 100 person-years) was DL plus LPA (2.80%), HTN plus DL (1.53%), and abdominal obesity (AOB) plus DL (1.47%). The most participants (84.4%) suffered from at least one RF, while 54.9% had at least two and 29.9% had at least three RFs.

Conclusion: The results showed that a large portion of the study population suffers from multiple CAD RFs. The findings underscore the importance of identifying multiple CAD risk factors to reduce the overall burden of these NCDs.

Keywords: Coronary artery disease; Incidence rate; KERCADR study; Multiple risk factors; Prevalence.

Fig. 1

The flow chart of the study for those who participated in both phases of the study (here for calculation of DL plus LPA). DL Dyslipidemia, IR Incidence rate, LPA Low physical activity

Fig. 2

Comparison of the prevalence of multiple CADRFs in phase 1 and 2 of KERCADRS based on gender. In the legend, P1 means phase 1 and P2 means phase 2. TP1, Total phase 1; TP2, Total phase 2; MP1, Male phase1; MP2, Male phase2; FP1, Female phase1; FP2, Female phase2. AOB Abdominal obesity, DL Dyslipidemia, DM Diabetes mellitus, HTN Hypertension, LPA Low physical activity, OB Obesity, OC Opium consumption