Affiliations

• ¹ Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ² Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, 600 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
• ³ Departments of Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Pediatrics and Surgery, Louisiana State University Health, Shreveport, LA, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Intensive Care and Resuscitation, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
• ⁵ Spectral Medical Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• ⁶ Southeast Renal Research Institute, CHI Memorial Hospital, Chattanooga, TN, USA.
• ⁷ Departments of Emergency Medicine, Anesthesiology, and Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
• ⁸ Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
• ⁹ Institute for Critical Care Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
• ¹⁰ West Virginia University, Heart & Vascular Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.
• ¹¹ Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
• ¹² Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
• ¹³ Cooper University Healthcare, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
• ¹⁴ Pulmonary Associates, Univ of Colorado Health-Memorial Hospital, Colorado Springs, CO, USA.
• ¹⁵ Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
• ¹⁶ Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, USA.
• ¹⁷ Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, 600 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. kellum@pitt.edu.
• ¹⁸ Spectral Medical Inc, Toronto, ON, Canada. kellum@pitt.edu.