Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Apr 1;36(2):219-227.
doi: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000001324. Epub 2024 Jan 4.

Updates in hyponatremia and hypernatremia

Leslie Saba  1 , Christian Hanna  2   3 , Ana L Creo  4
Affiliations
Review

Updates in hyponatremia and hypernatremia

Leslie Saba et al. Curr Opin Pediatr. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: Hyponatremia and hypernatremia are commonly encountered electrolyte abnormalities that require timely and careful intervention, as they can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Recent findings: This review article addresses the etiology, presentation, diagnosis, and management of both hyponatremia and hypernatremia, emphasizing the latest advancements and emerging trends in pediatric care.

Summary: A methodical approach is needed to accurately assess and treat hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Both conditions continue to rely on serum and urine testing, however newer tests such as copeptin and stimulated testing may hold promise to further refine testing in the future.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Arieff AI, Ayus JC, Fraser CL. Hyponatraemia and death or permanent brain damage in healthy children. BMJ 1992; 304:1218–1222.
    1. Moritz ML, Ayus JC. The changing pattern of hypernatremia in hospitalized children. Pediatrics 1999; 104 (Pt 1):435–439.
    1. Morimatsu H, Rocktäschel J, Bellomo R, et al. Comparison of point-of-care versus central laboratory measurement of electrolyte concentrations on calculations of the anion gap and the strong ion difference. Anesthesiology 2003; 98:1077–1084.
    1. Solak Y. Comparison of serum sodium levels measured by blood gas analyzer and biochemistry autoanalyzer in patients with hyponatremia, eunatremia, and hypernatremia. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34:1473–1479.
    1. Vignoli A, Tenori L, Morsiani C, et al. Serum or plasma (and which plasma), that is the question. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1061–1072.