Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Chaenomeles sinensis Extract in an ALS Animal Model

Abstract

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a systemic disease with multiple pathological effects, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Despite many studies seeking to identify and develop effective therapies, effective ALS treatment has yet to be approved. Hence, patients with ALS ultimately experience muscle atrophy and loss of motor neurons. Herbal medicines have been used to treat numerous diseases by modulating multiple biological processes and exerting pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In particular, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne (CS) exhibits anti-hyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects and is used to treat anaphylaxis, viral infections, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. This study monitored the effects of CS supplementation on muscle function and motor neurons in hSOD1G93A mice, an established ALS animal model.

Methods: Body weight measurements and behavioral tests were performed; additionally, western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted using the mice gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, and spinal cord.

Results: CS augmented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in the muscle and spinal cord of hSOD1G93A mice. Furthermore, CS improved motor function and regulated autophagy in the muscles of the hSOD1G93A mice.

Conclusions: CS might represent a promising supplement for improving motor function and delaying ALS progression. However, its development for clinical use warrants further investigation.

Keywords: Chaenomeles sinensis; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; anti-inflammation; hSOD1^G93A.