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. 2024 Jan 1;95(1S):e5-e12.
doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000003316. Epub 2024 Jan 4.

Methods and Assumptions for Estimating Key HIV Indicators in the UNAIDS Annual Estimates Process

John Stover  1 , Robert Glaubius
Affiliations

Methods and Assumptions for Estimating Key HIV Indicators in the UNAIDS Annual Estimates Process

John Stover et al. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. .

Abstract

Background: Each year UNAIDS supports national teams to estimate key HIV indicators using their latest data. These estimates are produced using a collection of models and software tools. This paper describes the demographic and HIV projection models used in this process.

Methods: The demographic model (DemProj) projects the population by sex and single age for each year of the estimate. This information is fed into the HIV model (AIDS Impact Model) to estimate key HIV indicators. The model uses program, survey and surveillance data along with incidence trends produced through 1 of several separate models, to estimate new HIV infections, HIV-related deaths, and the population living with HIV by sex, age, CD4 category, and treatment status.

Results: These models allow the annual production of estimates of key HIV indicators including uncertainty intervals. This information is used to track progress toward national and global goals and to develop national strategic plans, Global Fund applications and PEPFAR country operational plans.

Conclusions: Under the guidance of the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modeling and Projections, these models are updated on a regular basis in response to evolving programmatic needs, new data, and analyses. This process of continuous review and improvement has led to mature models that make the best use of available data to provide estimates of indicators important to monitoring progress and developing future plans.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no funding or conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

FIGURE 1.
FIGURE 1.
Adult HIV model.
FIGURE 2.
FIGURE 2.
Evolution of a cohort of new HIV infections.
FIGURE 3.
FIGURE 3.
Mortality on ART by region for females 35–44 and on ART for more than 12 months.
FIGURE 4.
FIGURE 4.
Structure of pediatric HIV model.
FIGURE 5.
FIGURE 5.
Survival of HIV-positive children by time of infection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Avenir Health. Spectrum manual: Spectrum system of policy models. Available from: http://avenirhealth.org/Download/Spectrum/Manuals/SpectrumManualE.pdf
    1. Stover J, Johnson P, Zaba B, et al. The Spectrum projection package: improvements in estimating mortality, ART needs, PMTCT impact and uncertainty bounds. Sex Transm Infect. 2008;84 (suppl l):i24–i30. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stover J, Johnson P, Hallett T, et al. The Spectrum projection package: improvements in estimating incidence by age and sex, mother-to-child transmission, HIV progression in children and double orphans. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86 (suppl l_2):ii16–ii21. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stover J, Brown T, Marston M. Updates to the Spectrum/Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) model to estimate HIV trends for adults and children. Sex Transm Infect. 2012;88(suppl l_2):i11–ii16. doi. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stover J, Andreev K, Slaymaker E, et al. Updates to the Spectrum model to estimate key HIV indicators for adults and children. AIDS. 2014;28:S427–S434. - PMC - PubMed

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