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Meta-Analysis
. 2024 Jan 6;24(1):35.
doi: 10.1186/s12872-023-03692-z.

The impact of the time factors on the exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation outcomes of the patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Peiyu Zhang #  1 , Chaofeng Niu #  1 , Lijing Zhang  2 , Haixia Lai  1 , Birong Liu  1 , Diyang Lv  1 , Rui Zhuang  1 , Yong Liu  3 , Di Xiao  1 , Liyong Ma  4 , Meng Li  5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

The impact of the time factors on the exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation outcomes of the patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Peiyu Zhang et al. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. .

Abstract

Background and objective: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been demonstrated to improve outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the optimal CR initiation time and duration remain to be determined. This study aimed to explore the impact of the time factors on the CR outcomes in AMI patients who received PCI by the method of meta-regression analysis.

Methods: We searched five databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Google scholar) up to October 31, 2023. Meta-regression analysis was utilized to explore the impact of the time factors on the effect sizes. Subgroups with more than 3 studies were used for meta-regression analysis.

Results: Our analysis included 16 studies and a total of 1810 patients. The meta-regression analysis revealed that the initiation time and duration of CR had no significant impact on the occurrence of arrhythmia, coronary artery restenosis and angina pectoris. The initiation time and duration of CR also had no significant impact on the changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, starting time: estimate = 0.160, p = 0.130; intervention time: estimate = 0.017, p = 0.149), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV, starting time: estimate = - 0.191, p = 0.732; intervention time: estimate = - 0.033, p = 0.160), left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV, starting time: estimate = - 0.301, p = 0.464; intervention time: estimate = 0.015, p = 0.368) and 6-minute walk test (6MWT, starting time: estimate = - 0.108, p = 0.467; intervention time: estimate = 0.019, p = 0.116).

Conclusion: Implementation of CR following PCI in patients with AMI is beneficial. However, in AMI patients, there is no significant difference in the improvement of CR outcomes based on different CR starting times within 1 month after PCI or different durations of the CR programs. It indicates that it is feasible for patients with AMI to commence CR within 1 month after PCI and continue long-term CR, but the time factors which impact CR are intricate and further clinical research is still needed to determine the optimal initiation time and duration of CR.

Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction; Cardiac rehabilitation; Meta-analysis; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Time.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of study screening
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The forest plot of the Risk Ratio of cardiovascular events. ACM, All-cause mortality; RH, Rehospitalization
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot of the changes in echocardiography parameters. a LVEF; b LVEDD and LVESD; c LVEDV and LVESV
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Forest plot of the changes in 6MWT
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Forest plot of the changes in cardiovascular risk factors. a Blood pressure and heart rate; b Blood lipids (LDL-C, TC and TG)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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