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. 2023 Dec 26:67.
doi: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10369. eCollection 2023.

Iodine: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir  1   2 , Anne Lise Brantsæter  3
Affiliations

Iodine: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir et al. Food Nutr Res. .

Abstract

Iodine is essential for the synthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). As in many other parts of the world, insufficient iodine intake and consequently insufficient iodine status is a public health challenge in the Nordic and Baltic countries. The main dietary sources of iodine in the Nordic and Baltic countries include cow's milk, saltwater fish, eggs, products containing iodised salt, and iodised table salt. Only Denmark (DK), Finland (FI) and Sweden (SE) have implemented mandatory (DK) or voluntary (SE, FI) salt iodisation. New data, as well as recent studies from the Nordic and Baltic countries, strengthen the evidence that the main health challenges related to insufficient iodine intake remain thyroid function and thyroid disease, mental development, and cognitive function. Excessive intakes can also cause hyperthyroidism, autoimmune thyroid disease, and thyroid cancer.

Keywords: goitre; iodine; nutrition recommendations; thyroid function.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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