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Review
. 2023 Nov 15;32(1):73-94.
doi: 10.32604/or.2023.030401. eCollection 2023.

Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

Vignesh Balaji E  1 , Divya Ramesh  2 , Manisha Chungan Shaju  3 , Akshara Kumar  4 , Samyak Pandey  1 , Raksha Nayak  1 , V Alka  5 , Srishti Munjal  6 , Amir Salimi  7 , K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai  1 , Shankar M Bakkannavar  2
Affiliations
Review

Biological, pathological, and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

Vignesh Balaji E et al. Oncol Res. .

Abstract

Exosomes, small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human body. It is considered a "double-edged sword", and depending on its biological source, the action of exosomes varies under physiological conditions. Also, the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome source. Moreover, the uptake of exosomes from the recipients' cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological actions. There are different mechanisms present in the exosomes' cellular uptake to deliver their cargo to acceptor cells. Once the exosomal uptake takes place, it releases the intracellular particles that leads to activate the physiological response. Even though exosomes have lavish functions, there are some challenges associated with every step of their preparation to bring potential therapeutic efficacy. So, overcoming the pitfalls would give a desired quantity of exosomes with high purity.

Keywords: Cancer; Challenges; Exosomes; Physiology; Therapeutics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to report regarding the present study.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1. Biogenesis, intracellular contents, and surface markers of exosomes.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2. Various cellular uptake mechanisms of exosomes.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3. Therapeutic benefits of exosomes against tumor cells.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4. Pathological action of tumor cells-derived exosomes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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