Anatomical variant of anteriorly extending mental foramen: A case report

Abstract

Key clinical message: By sharing this case, we aim to enhance the understanding of the mental foramen's intricate morphology, ultimately promoting safer and more successful surgical practices in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Abstract: In surgical procedures near the mental foramen, preserving this vital structure and its contents is crucial. Surgical treatments, including procedures like implants, orthognathic surgery, and tooth extractions, can potentially lead to injuries of the mental nerve, resulting in sensory disturbances such as numbness or tingling in the lower lip and chin. This case report highlights an uncommon anterior extension of the mental foramen, posing a risk to the patient if unnoticed. Variations in this structure are possible, emphasizing the need for comprehensive three-dimensional radiographic analysis before surgery to ensure patient safety. This report sheds light on the significance of identifying and understanding such variations to enhance the safety and precision of oral and maxillofacial interventions.

Keywords: anatomical variation; case report; mental foramen; patient safety; superior anterior.

FIGURE 1

Clinical images of the patient showing the gingival recession (i.e., the main complain).

FIGURE 2

Panoramic (A) and periapical x‐ray (B) showing the impacted tooth #45 with no readily detectable mental foramen.

FIGURE 3

A series of CBCT axial slices (inferiorly → Superiorly) showing the unusual right‐side foramen's architecture with anterior extension (arrows).

FIGURE 4

(A–C) Three‐dimensional (3D) model reconstructions of the right side of the patient showing the anterior extension of the mental foramen anteriorly. (D) 3D model of the left side showing usual foramen's architecture.