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. 2024 Jan 8;24(1):17.
doi: 10.1186/s12866-023-03119-x.

Pathogenicity assessment of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from Canadian agricultural surface water

Izhar U H Khan  1 , Wen Chen  2 , Michel Cloutier  2 , David R Lapen  2 , Emilia Craiovan  2 , Graham Wilkes  2   3
Affiliations

Pathogenicity assessment of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from Canadian agricultural surface water

Izhar U H Khan et al. BMC Microbiol. .

Abstract

Background: Water is considered a source for the transmission of Arcobacter species to both humans and animals. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, distribution, and pathogenicity of A. butzleri strains, which can potentially pose health risks to humans and animals. Cultures were isolated from surface waters of a mixed-use but predominately agricultural watershed in eastern Ontario, Canada. The detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence-associated genes (VAGs), as well as enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) assays were performed on 913 A. butzleri strains isolated from 11 agricultural sampling sites.

Results: All strains were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, with a high rate of resistance to clindamycin (99%) and chloramphenicol (77%), followed by azithromycin (48%) and nalidixic acid (49%). However, isolates showed a significantly (p < 0.05) high rate of susceptibility to tetracycline (1%), gentamycin (2%), ciprofloxacin (4%), and erythromycin (5%). Of the eight VAGs tested, ciaB, mviN, tlyA, and pldA were detected at high frequency (> 85%) compared to irgA (25%), hecB (19%), hecA (15%), and cj1349 (12%) genes. Co-occurrence analysis showed A. butzleri strains resistant to clindamycin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and azithromycin were positive for ciaB, tlyA, mviN and pldA VAGs. ERIC-PCR fingerprint analysis revealed high genetic similarity among strains isolated from three sites, and the genotypes were significantly associated with AMR and VAGs results, which highlight their potential environmental ubiquity and potential as pathogenic.

Conclusions: The study results show that agricultural activities likely contribute to the contamination of A. butzleri in surface water. The findings underscore the importance of farm management practices in controlling the potential spread of A. butzleri and its associated health risks to humans and animals through contaminated water.

Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance; Arcobacter butzleri; Canadian agriculture watershed; ERIC-PCR; Surface water; Virulence-associated genes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests. The authors have no competing interest to report.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Dendrogram analysis showing ERIC-PCR based distinct band patterns of A. butzleri strains isolated from surface water samples collected from an agricultural watershed. * denotes various agricultural sampling sites
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Map showing agricultural watershed surface water sampling sites selected for the study
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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