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Observational Study
. 2023 Dec 19:14:1291275.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291275. eCollection 2023.

Food allergy spectrum in the tropic: clinical and epidemiological profiles in a colombian hospital. A cross-sectional study

Manuela Olaya-Hernandez  1   2 , Laura Del Mar Vasquez  2 , Diana Lucia Silva  1   2 , Sofia Martinez-Betancur  1 , Maria Guerra  1 , Oriana Arias  1   2 , Luis Fernando Ramirez  1 , Carlos Daniel Serrano  1
Affiliations
Observational Study

Food allergy spectrum in the tropic: clinical and epidemiological profiles in a colombian hospital. A cross-sectional study

Manuela Olaya-Hernandez et al. Front Immunol. .

Abstract

Introduction: Food allergy affects 2-10% of the general population; it is more frequent among children than among adults, and it is one of the leading causes of anaphylaxis. Diagnosis of food allergy requires a detailed medical history, skin tests, specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) tests for the food involved, and an oral challenge as final confirmation.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients who underwent oral food challenges for suspected food allergies in a reference center in Colombia.

Methodology: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted. Data were retrospectively collected from patients who were evaluated in the allergology service and suspected of food allergy from 2011 to 2018. Quantitative variables are presented as means or medians depending on the normality of the distribution (assessed by the Shapiro-Wilk test), and categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages.

Results: A total of 215 controlled open challenges were performed on 176 patients, most of whom were children (69%). Thirty-one patients (17%) required another oral challenge with a second food, and 11 (6.25%) required another oral challenge with three foods. Twelve oral challenges (5.58%) were positive. Of these, five challenges were positive for cow's milk, 5 were positive for shrimp, and 2 were positive for legumes (peanuts and lentils).

Conclusion: The frequency of confirmed food allergies and the profile of food allergies in our population differs from that reported in other parts of the world.

Keywords: food allergy; food allergy diagnosis; food hypersensitivity; food sensitization; immunoglobulin E; oral food challenges.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Positive foods in susceptibility tests. Percentage of positive foods in susceptibility tests. Source: graph of realization and own authorship.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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