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. 2023 Dec 30;34(162):7-15.
doi: 10.53680/vertex.v34i162.500.

[Alcohol and drug consumption in pregnant women admitted to a hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Initial Impact Assessment on the Newborn]

[Article in Spanish]
Affiliations
Free article

[Alcohol and drug consumption in pregnant women admitted to a hospital in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Initial Impact Assessment on the Newborn]

[Article in Spanish]
Marina Risso et al. Vertex. .
Free article

Abstract

Introduction: The objective of our study was to estimate the prevalence of prenatal exposure to drugs and the neonatal impact.

Material and methods: Prospective, observational, cross-sectional and analytical study of pregnant women and newborns admitted between March and September 2021. To estimate the prevalence of consumption, the survey and detection of drugs in maternal urine were used as a detection method.

Results: Alcohol consumption had a prevalence of 46.32%, followed by tobacco with 12.12%, marijuana with 5.62% and cocaine with 4.76%. The weight of newborns with mothers with urine positive for some substance was significantly lower than the weight of newborns with mothers with negative urine (mean ± SE of 2800±184gr vs 3332±41gr and median ± MAD of 2950±380gr vs 3385± 335g p 0.002). Gestational age was also significantly lower in neonates with mothers with positive urine (38.00 vs 39.00 p 0.002). Although the prevalence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), malformations, and prematurity was higher in those cases with positive urine, the difference did not become statistically significant.

Conclusions: The prevalence of substance and alcohol use during pregnancy was high with a statistically significant impact on exposed newborns for both weight and gestational age.

Introducción: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de exposición prenatal a drogas y el impacto neonatal.

Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, transversal y analítico de embarazadas y recién nacidos ingresados entre marzo y septiembre del 2021. Para estimar la prevalencia de consumo se utilizaron como métodos de detección la encuesta y la detección de drogas en orina materna.

Resultados: El consumo de alcohol tuvo una prevalencia del 46.32%, seguido por el tabaco con el 12.12%, la marihuana con el 5.62% y la cocaína con el 4.76%. El peso de los neonatos con madres con orina positiva para alguna sustancia fue significativamente menor que el peso de los neonatos con madres con orina negativa (media ± ES de 2800±184gr vs 3332±41gr y mediana ± DAM de 2950±380gr vs 3385±335gr p 0.002). La edad gestacional también fue significativamente menor en neonatos con madres con orina positiva (38.00 vs 39.00 p 0.002). Si bien la prevalencia de retardo en el crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU), de malformaciones y de prematurez fue superior en aquellos casos con orinas positivas, la diferencia no llegó a ser estadísticamente significativa.

Conclusiones: La prevalencia de consumo de sustancias y alcohol durante el embarazo fue elevada con una repercusión estadísticamente significativa en los recién nacidos expuestos tanto para el peso como para la edad gestacional.

Keywords: Substance abuse; Pregnancy; Neonatal impact; Birth weight; Gestational age.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare

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