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. 2023 Dec 19;14(1):3.
doi: 10.3390/ani14010003.

Comparison of the Intestinal Bacterial Communities between Captive and Semi-Free-Range Red-Crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) before Reintroduction in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, China

Yining Wu  1 , Huan Wang  1 , Zhongyan Gao  2 , He Wang  1 , Hongfei Zou  1
Affiliations

Comparison of the Intestinal Bacterial Communities between Captive and Semi-Free-Range Red-Crowned Cranes (Grus japonensis) before Reintroduction in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, China

Yining Wu et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

The wild populations of red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) in west China are gradually decreasing, necessitating the optimization of reintroduction measures. This study used 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to compare the gut microbiota communities of cranes living in two modes (captive and semi-free-range) before their reintroduction in Zhalong National Nature Reserve, Heilongjiang Province, China. The results showed that Proteobacteria (74.39%) and Firmicutes (25.29%) were the dominant gut bacterial phyla inhabiting these cranes. Significant differences were found in the gut microbiota community composition between semi-free-range and captive cranes (p < 0.01). Psychrobacter, Sporosarcina, and Lactococcus were significantly enriched in captive cranes (p < 0.05), while Pseudomonadaceae_Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Lysobacter, and Enterobacteriaceae_Pseudomonas were more abundant in semi-free-range cranes (p < 0.05). The functions and community structure of gut microbiota were affected by feeding patterns (p < 0.05). The metabolic pathways of ethylbenzene degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, betalain biosynthesis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and shigellosis were up-regulated in semi-free-range cranes (p < 0.05).

Keywords: Zhalong Nature Reserve; gut microbiota; high-throughput sequencing technology; red-crowned crane; reintroduction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relative abundances of the dominant bacteria in semi-free-range and captive red-crowned cranes. (A) dominant bacterial phyla, (B) dominant bacterial genera.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis (A) and Plot from LEfSe analysis (B) of intestinal bacteria in semi-free-range and captive red-crowned cranes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Alpha diversity index analysis (A) and PCoA analysis (B) of intestinal bacteria in semi-free-range red-crowned cranes at different genders.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Metabolic pathway statistics of intestinal bacteria of captive and semi-free-range red-crowned cranes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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