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. 2023 Dec 25;13(1):82.
doi: 10.3390/foods13010082.

Screening and Characteristics Analysis of Polysaccharides from Orah Mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Orah)

Guoming Liu  1   2 , Ping Wei  2   3 , Yayuan Tang  2   3 , Jiemin Li  2   3 , Ping Yi  2   3 , Zhonglin Deng  2   3 , Xuemei He  2   3 , Dongning Ling  2   3 , Jian Sun  1   2 , Lan Zhang  2   3
Affiliations

Screening and Characteristics Analysis of Polysaccharides from Orah Mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Orah)

Guoming Liu et al. Foods. .

Abstract

This study aimed to screen out polysaccharides with the ability to activate NK cells. Ten polysaccharides (OP) were isolated from orah mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Orah) peel using hot-water extraction combined with the alcohol precipitation method and the ultrafiltration-membrane separation method. After measuring the effects of 10 OPs on NK-92MI cell proliferation and cytotoxicity, it was found that the polysaccharide OP5 had the highest activity in vitro. OP5 can significantly promote the proliferation of and increase the gene expression of perforin, granzyme B and IFN-γ in NK-92MI cells. Its molecular weight was between 50 and 70 kDa. The identification results of monosaccharide composition indicated that OP5 was composed of arabinose (31.52%), galacturonic acid (22.35%), galactose (16.72%), glucose (15.95%), mannose (7.67%), rhamnose (2.39%), fucose (1.41%), xylose (1.30%), glucuronic acid (0.42%) and ribose (0.27%). The sugar ring of the β-configuration was the main, and that of the α-configuration was the auxiliary. These results would provide a foundation for the functional product development of OPs.

Keywords: NK cell activity; characteristics analysis; orah mandarin peel; polysaccharide; screening.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Effects of different OPs on NK-92MI cell proliferation. The values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between the data within each group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of different OPs on expression level of perforin (A); expression level of granzyme B (B); expression level of IFN-γ (C) in NK-92MI cell. The values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between the data within each group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effects of different OPs on expression level of perforin (A); expression level of granzyme B (B); expression level of IFN-γ (C) in NK-92MI cell. The values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between the data within each group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effects of different OPs on NK-92MI cell cytotoxicity. The values are presented as mean ± SD. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between the data within each group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
HPLC of monosaccharides of OP5 (1: mannose, 2: ribose, 3: rhamnose, 4: glucuronic acid, 5: galacturonic acid, 6: N-acetyl glucosamine, 7: glucose, 8: N-acetyl galactosamine, 9: galactose, 10: xylose, 11: arabinose, and 12: fucose).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Infrared spectrum of OP5.
Figure 6
Figure 6
1H NMR spectrum (A); and 13C NMR spectrum (B) of OP5.
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