Control of Browning, Enzyme Activity, and Quality in Stored Fresh-cut Fruit Salads through Chitosan Coating Enriched with Bergamot Juice Powder

Abstract

In this study, fresh-cut fruit salads composed of apples, pears, kiwis, and pineapples were stored at +4 °C for 18 days under distinct conditions: non-coated (NC), chitosan-coated (CH), and bergamot juice powder extract-enriched chitosan-coated (CHBE). Storage endpoint decay percentages were as follows: NC group: 100%, CH group: 26.67-53.3%, CHBE group: 13.33-26.67%. CHBE had the highest moisture content (87.05-89.64%), soluble solids (12.40-13.26%), and chroma values (2.35-6.60). CHBE and NC groups had 2.10% and 6.61% weight loss, respectively. The NC group had the highest polyphenol oxidase activity (19.48 U mL^-1) and browning index (0.70 A₄₂₀/g); CH group: 0.85 U mL^-1, 0.35 A₄₂₀/g; CHBE group: 0.57 U mL^-1, 0.27 A₄₂₀/g. CHBE showed a titratable acidity of 1.33% and pH 3.73 post-storage, impeding microbial proliferation with the lowest counts (2.30-3.24 log CFU g^-1). The microbial suitability of the NC group diminished after day 6, with an overall preference score of 1.00. Conversely, the CH and CHBE groups scored 3.15 and 4.56, highlighting the coatings' effectiveness. Bergamot juice powder extract further enhanced this, mitigating browning and enhancing quality. Results reveal tailored coatings' potential to extend shelf life, improve quality, and enhance fruit salads' acceptability. This study underscores the importance of edible coatings in addressing preservation challenges, emphasizing their role in enhancing food quality and consumer acceptability. Incorporating edible coatings is pivotal in mitigating deterioration issues and ensuring the overall success of fresh-cut fruit products in the market.

Keywords: bergamot juice powder extract; edible coating technology; enzymatic browning inhibition; extended shelf life; fresh cut; fruit salad preservation; microbial safety; polyphenol oxidase activity; quality improvement; sensory analysis.

Figure 1

The visual impact of different coatings on the appearance of fruit salads during storage (NC: non-coated; CH: chitosan-coated; CHBE: bergamot juice powder extract-enriched chitosan-coated).

Figure 2

Microbial load (log CFU g⁻¹) of fruit salads during storage (NC: non-coated; CH: chitosan-coated; CHBE: bergamot juice powder extract-enriched chitosan-coated).

Figure 3

Sensory scores (rating out of 5) of fruit salads during storage (NC: non-coated; CH: chitosan-coated; CHBE: bergamot juice powder extract-enriched chitosan-coated).