Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Jan 4;14(1):109.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14010109.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Medicine and Healthcare: Applications, Considerations, Limitations, Motivation and Challenges

Hussain A Younis  1 , Taiseer Abdalla Elfadil Eisa  2 , Maged Nasser  3 , Thaeer Mueen Sahib  4 , Ameen A Noor  5 , Osamah Mohammed Alyasiri  6 , Sani Salisu  7 , Israa M Hayder  8 , Hameed AbdulKareem Younis  9
Affiliations
Review

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Medicine and Healthcare: Applications, Considerations, Limitations, Motivation and Challenges

Hussain A Younis et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various sectors, including medicine and healthcare. Large language models like ChatGPT showcase AI's potential by generating human-like text through prompts. ChatGPT's adaptability holds promise for reshaping medical practices, improving patient care, and enhancing interactions among healthcare professionals, patients, and data. In pandemic management, ChatGPT rapidly disseminates vital information. It serves as a virtual assistant in surgical consultations, aids dental practices, simplifies medical education, and aids in disease diagnosis. A total of 82 papers were categorised into eight major areas, which are G1: treatment and medicine, G2: buildings and equipment, G3: parts of the human body and areas of the disease, G4: patients, G5: citizens, G6: cellular imaging, radiology, pulse and medical images, G7: doctors and nurses, and G8: tools, devices and administration. Balancing AI's role with human judgment remains a challenge. A systematic literature review using the PRISMA approach explored AI's transformative potential in healthcare, highlighting ChatGPT's versatile applications, limitations, motivation, and challenges. In conclusion, ChatGPT's diverse medical applications demonstrate its potential for innovation, serving as a valuable resource for students, academics, and researchers in healthcare. Additionally, this study serves as a guide, assisting students, academics, and researchers in the field of medicine and healthcare alike.

Keywords: ChatGPT; cellular imaging; dental; disease; healthcare; image; medicine; pharmaceutical; radiology and sonar.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Categories and groups covered by all studies of the review. G1: treatment and medicine, G2: buildings and equipment, G3: parts of the human body and areas of the disease, G4: patients, G5: citizens, G6: cellular imaging, radiology, pulse, and medical images, G7: doctors and nurses, and G8: tools, devices and administration.
Figure 2
Figure 2
No. of databases/publishers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution by type of articles to number of articles.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Flowchart for selecting studies with specific query and eligibility criteria.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Challenges of healthcare and the medical fields.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Agathokleous E., Saitanis C.J., Fang C., Yu Z. Use of ChatGPT: What Does It Mean for Biology and Environmental Science? Sci. Total Environ. 2023;888:164154. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164154. - DOI - PubMed
    1. McGowan A., Gui Y., Dobbs M., Shuster S., Cotter M., Selloni A., Goodman M., Srivastava A., Cecchi G.A., Corcoran C.M. ChatGPT and Bard Exhibit Spontaneous Citation Fabrication during Psychiatry Literature Search. Psychiatry Res. 2023;326:115334. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115334. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Choudhary O.P. Priyanka ChatGPT in Travel Medicine: A Friend or Foe? Travel Med. Infect. Dis. 2023;54:102615. doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102615. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kocoń J., Cichecki I., Kaszyca O., Kochanek M., Szydło D., Baran J., Bielaniewicz J., Gruza M., Janz A., Kanclerz K., et al. ChatGPT: Jack of All Trades, Master of None. Inf. Fusion. 2023;99:101861. doi: 10.1016/j.inffus.2023.101861. - DOI
    1. Mueen Sahib T., Younis H.A., Mohammed A.O., Ali A.H., Salisu S., Noore A.A., Hayder I.M., Shahid M. ChatGPT in Waste Management: Is it a Profitable. Mesopotamian J. Big Data. 2023;2023:107–109. doi: 10.58496/MJBD/2023/014. - DOI