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Review
. 2024 Jan 4;14(1):115.
doi: 10.3390/diagnostics14010115.

RETRACTED: Left Ventricular Non-Compaction in Children: Aetiology and Diagnostic Criteria

Emanuele Monda  1   2 , Gianantonio De Michele  1 , Gaetano Diana  1 , Federica Verrillo  1 , Marta Rubino  1 , Annapaola Cirillo  1 , Adelaide Fusco  1 , Federica Amodio  1 , Martina Caiazza  1 , Francesca Dongiglio  1 , Giuseppe Palmiero  1 , Pietro Buono  3 , Maria Giovanna Russo  1 , Giuseppe Limongelli  1   2
Affiliations
Review

RETRACTED: Left Ventricular Non-Compaction in Children: Aetiology and Diagnostic Criteria

Emanuele Monda et al. Diagnostics (Basel). .

Retraction in

Abstract

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a heterogeneous myocardial disorder characterized by prominent trabeculae protruding into the left ventricular lumen and deep intertrabecular recesses. LVNC can manifest in isolation or alongside other heart muscle diseases. Its occurrence among children is rising due to advancements in imaging techniques. The origins of LVNC are diverse, involving both genetic and acquired forms. The clinical manifestation varies greatly, with some cases presenting no symptoms, while others typically manifesting with heart failure, systemic embolism, and arrhythmias. Diagnosis mainly relies on assessing heart structure using imaging tools like echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance. However, the absence of a universally agreed-upon standard and limitations in diagnostic criteria have led to ongoing debates in the scientific community regarding the most reliable methods. Further research is crucial to enhance the diagnosis of LVNC, particularly in early life stages.

Keywords: diagnosis; etiology; left ventricular non-compaction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Echocardiographic images of a patient with LVNC. On the (left), apical 4-chamber view; on the (right), parasternal short-axis view.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Comparison of the echocardiographic diagnostic criteria for children with LVNC [7,13,15,26].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cardiac magnetic resonance image of a patient with LVNC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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