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. 2023 Dec 30;16(1):132.
doi: 10.3390/nu16010132.

Distributions and Trends of the Global Burden of Colorectal Cancer Attributable to Dietary Risk Factors over the Past 30 Years

Yuxing Liang  1   2 , Nan Zhang  2 , Miao Wang  1 , Yixin Liu  1 , Linlu Ma  2 , Qian Wang  2 , Qian Yang  1 , Xiaoyan Liu  2 , Fuling Zhou  2 , Yongchang Wei  1
Affiliations

Distributions and Trends of the Global Burden of Colorectal Cancer Attributable to Dietary Risk Factors over the Past 30 Years

Yuxing Liang et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Dietary risk has always been a major risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the contribution of dietary risk factors to CRC at the level of region, gender, and age has not been fully characterized. Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study, the death rates, age-standardized mortality rates (ASDRs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the trends of CRC attributable to dietary risk factors over the past 30 years. Globally, the death cases of CRC increased to 1,085,797 in 2019, and the number of deaths attributed to dietary risk factors increased to 365,752 in 2019, representing approximately one-third of all CRC-related fatalities. Overall, the ASDR attributable to dietary risks was 4.61 per 100,000 in 2019, with a slight downward trend (EAPC = -0.29). Notably, there is a rising trend in early-onset colorectal cancer mortality associated with dietary factors. To alleviate CRC burdens, it is recommended to elevate the intake of whole grains, milk, calcium, and fiber while reducing consumption of red and processed meats. The results will improve the understanding, and provide guidance on the diet of CRC in different regions, gender, and age groups worldwide.

Keywords: colorectal cancer; dietary risk factors; global burden of disease; prevention.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The death trends and gender differences of CRC in different regions from 1990 to 2019. (A) Death cases of CRC by sex. (B) Deaths in territories with low to high SDIs in 1990 and 2019. (C) The ASDR in different SDI regions from 1990 to 2019. (D) The ASDR in 204 countries and territories in 2019. (E) The EAPC in ASDR in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Sex differences and trends in CRC death rates in different regions. (A) The ASDR in males and females globally, in territories with low to high SDIs and in 21 GBD regions in 2019. (B) The ASDR globally and in territories with low to high SDIs for males from 1990 to 2019. (C) The ASDR globally and in territories with low to high SDIs for females from 1990 to 2019. (D) The percentage changes in ASDR in males and females between 1990 and 2019. (E) Male to female ratios of ASDR globally and in territories with low to high SDIs from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The global burden of CRC attributable to dietary risk over the past 30 years. (A) The ASDR in 204 countries and territories in 2019. (B) The EAPC in ASDR in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. (C) Relationship between SDI and ASDR of CRC attributable to dietary risk by regions in 2019. (D) Relationship between SDI and ASDR of CRC attributable to dietary risk by nations in 2019. (E) The percentage of dietary risk factors to CRC-related deaths between 1990 and 2019, in territories with low to high SDIs and in 21 GBD regions. (F) Deaths attributable to dietary risk in CRC by different age and sex from 1990 to 2019.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Predominant contribution of dietary risk factors to CRC-related deaths by SDI, sex, and age groups. (A) The ASDR attributable to main dietary risk factors by SDI region in 2019. (B) Male to female ratios of ASDR attributable to dietary risk factors in 2019. (C) The percent changes in deaths attributable to dietary risk factors by age group and SDI region between 1990 and 2019.
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