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. 2023 Dec 19;13(1):1.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13010001.

Evaluation of a Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention for Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Anxiety and/or Emotion Regulation Difficulties-A Randomised Control Trial

Hayley Smithers-Sheedy  1 , Emma Waight  1 , Katherine L Swinburn  1 , Fiona Given  1   2 , Kate Hooke  1 , Annabel Webb  1 , Sarah McIntyre  1 , Georgina Henry  1 , Ingrid Honan  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of a Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Intervention for Adults with Cerebral Palsy and Anxiety and/or Emotion Regulation Difficulties-A Randomised Control Trial

Hayley Smithers-Sheedy et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has not yet been evaluated for people with cerebral palsy (CP). The aims of this randomised control trial were to investigate whether a modified telehealth MBSR program could improve mindfulness and reduce depression, anxiety, and emotion regulation difficulties among adults with CP with elevated anxiety and/or emotional regulation difficulties. Participants (n = 31) with elevated anxiety and/or emotion regulation difficulties and no/mild intellectual impairment were randomised to a modified telehealth MBSR program (90 min weekly, 9 weeks) group or a wait-list group. Measurements were collected prior to (T1), after (T2), and 8 weeks post-intervention (T3). The primary outcome was the mean between-group difference in the change in Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-R (CAMS-R) scores in T1-T2. The secondary outcomes included mean within-group differences over time for the CAMS-R total scores, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 subscales, and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) total t-score. We found no statistically significant between-group difference in mean change in mindfulness scores for T1-T2 (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes: The MBSR intervention group had improved CAMS-R scores with respect to T1-T2 and T1-T3; improved mean scores for Depression and Stress subscales for T1-T2; and improved DERS t-scores for T1-T2 and T1-T3. In conclusion, this study found no significant between-group difference for the primary outcome of mindfulness. The MBSR program was successfully modified for adults with CP and was effective in improving depression, stress, and emotion regulation. ACTRN12621000960853.

Keywords: anxiety; cerebral palsy; emotion regulation; mindfulness; mindfulness-based stress reduction.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study timeline.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Participant flow chart.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) Raw mean change in Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-R (CAMS-R) scores at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2), and at follow-up (T3); (b) mean change in CAMS-R scores using last-value-carried-forward method at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2), and at follow-up (T3).
Figure 4
Figure 4
MBSR intervention group: within-group mean change in Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-R (CAMS-R) scores using last-value-carried-forward method at baseline (T1), post-intervention (T2), and at follow-up (T3).
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