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Review
. 2023 Dec 21;13(1):53.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13010053.

Systematic Review of Myopia Progression after Cessation of Optical Interventions for Myopia Control

Yu-Chieh Chiu  1 , Ping-Chiao Tsai  1 , Ssu-Hsien Lee  1 , Jen-Hung Wang  2 , Cheng-Jen Chiu  3   4
Affiliations
Review

Systematic Review of Myopia Progression after Cessation of Optical Interventions for Myopia Control

Yu-Chieh Chiu et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Despite high discontinuation rates for myopia optical interventions, limited attention has been given to the potential rebound effects post-discontinuation. This systematic review aims to assess the extent of the rebound effects following the cessation of common clinical optical myopia-control interventions in children. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted from inception to October 2023. The rebound effects, defined as changes in the axial length or spherical equivalent during and after treatment cessation, were categorized into four levels. These studies encompassed 703 participants and spanned from 2019 to 2023, with durations of treatment and cessation ranging from 6 months to 3.5 years and from 2 weeks to 5 years, respectively. This review, encompassing 14 studies, revealed a predominant strong rebound effect in orthokeratology (8 studies), a weak rebound effect in multifocal soft contact lenses (4 studies), and a variable rebound effect in peripheral-plus spectacle lenses (2 studies). Notably, with the increasing cessation duration, the rebound effects diminished, potentially linked to the reversal of choroidal thickening and the disappearance of peripheral myopic defocus. In conclusion, a temporal trend of rebound effects exists in all three myopia optical interventions, possibly contributing to their myopia control mechanisms.

Keywords: MiSight; bifocal contact lens; discontinuation; myopia; myopia control; optical interventions; orthokeratology; rebound effect; spectacles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flow chart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Time-dependent rebound effects on progression of axial-length myopia after cessation of optical interventions.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Time-dependent rebound effects on progression of spherical-equivalent myopia after cessation of optical interventions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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