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Review
. 2023 Dec 22;29(1):81.
doi: 10.3390/molecules29010081.

Detection and Removal of Aristolochic Acid in Natural Plants, Pharmaceuticals, and Environmental and Biological Samples: A Review

Changhong Wang  1 , Yunchao Liu  1 , Jintai Han  1 , Wenying Li  2 , Jing Sun  1 , Yinan Wang  3
Affiliations
Review

Detection and Removal of Aristolochic Acid in Natural Plants, Pharmaceuticals, and Environmental and Biological Samples: A Review

Changhong Wang et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a toxic substance present in certain natural plants. Direct human exposure to these plants containing AAs leads to a severe and irreversible condition known as aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Additionally, AAs accumulation in the food chain through environmental mediators can trigger Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), an environmental variant of AAN. This paper presents a concise overview of the oncogenic pathways associated with AAs and explores the various routes of environmental exposure to AAs. The detection and removal of AAs in natural plants, drugs, and environmental and biological samples were classified and summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods were analyzed. It is hoped that this review can provide effective insights into the detection and removal of AAs in the future.

Keywords: Balkan endemic nephropathy; aristolochic acid nephropathy; aristolochic acids; detection; remove.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Exposure pathways of AAs in the environment (AAI and AAII as examples). (b) Carcinogenic pathways of AAI and AAII.
Figure 2
Figure 2
DNA barcode technology route.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cluster analysis of keywords from the literature related to AAs from 2013 to 2022. Produced using CiteSpace 6.1. R3, Excel, and Origin 2019.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The steps of the molecular imprinting technique (using AAs as template molecules).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The process of removing AAs by the Fenton method.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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