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. 2023 Dec 23;25(1):246.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25010246.

Silver/Graphene Oxide Nanostructured Coatings for Modulating the Microbial Susceptibility of Fixation Devices Used in Knee Surgery

Sorin Constantinescu  1 , Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu  2   3 , Ariana Hudiță  2   4 , Valentina Grumezescu  5 , Dragoș Rădulescu  1 , Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă  3 , Stefan Andrei Irimiciuc  5 , Oana Gherasim  5 , Alina Maria Holban  2   6 , Bianca Gălățeanu  4 , Ovidiu Cristian Oprea  7   8 , Anton Ficai  3   8 , Bogdan Ștefan Vasile  3 , Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu  2   3   8 , Alexandra Bolocan  1 , Radu Rădulescu  1
Affiliations

Silver/Graphene Oxide Nanostructured Coatings for Modulating the Microbial Susceptibility of Fixation Devices Used in Knee Surgery

Sorin Constantinescu et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Exploring silver-based and carbon-based nanomaterials' excellent intrinsic antipathogenic effects represents an attractive alternative for fabricating anti-infective formulations. Using chemical synthesis protocols, stearate-conjugated silver (Ag@C18) nanoparticles and graphene oxide nanosheets (nGOs) were herein obtained and investigated in terms of composition and microstructure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterizations revealed the formation of nanomaterials with desirable physical properties, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses confirmed the high purity of synthesized nanomaterials. Further, laser-processed Ag@C18-nGO coatings were developed, optimized, and evaluated in terms of biological and microbiological outcomes. The highly biocompatible Ag@C18-nGO nanostructured coatings proved suitable candidates for the local modulation of biofilm-associated periprosthetic infections.

Keywords: MAPLE coatings; biocompatible and antimicrobial surfaces; graphene oxide nanosheets; silver nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
X-ray diffraction pattern (a), SEM micrograph (b), and TG-DSC results (c) of Ag@C18 nanoparticles.
Figure 2
Figure 2
X-ray diffraction pattern (a) and (TEM) micrographs (b,c) of nGO.
Figure 3
Figure 3
IR maps (left) resulting from monitoring the intensity of C–H (set a) and C=O (set b) and corresponding IR spectra (right, set c) of Ag@C18-nGO coatings obtained at differences laser fluences.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Top-view (a–c) and cross-section (c) SEM micrographs of Ag@C18-nGO coatings obtained at 400 mJ/cm2 laser fluence.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cell viability and proliferation pattern of MC3T3-E1 cells after 2 and 7 days of contact with the pristine and Ag@C18-nGO -coated samples (*** p ≤ 0.001; **** p ≤ 0.0001).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Ag@C18-nGO coatings’ cytotoxic potential as revealed by the LDH levels released by MC3T3-E1 cells after 2 days and 7 days of culture. The experimental control is represented by the non-coated surface (** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Impact of Ag@C18-nGO coatings on ROS production after 2 and 7 days of MC3T3-E1–material interaction as revealed by ROS–Glo H2O2 assay (* p ≤ 0.5; ** p ≤ 0.01).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Fluorescence micrographs of MC3T3-E1 cells’ cytoskeleton after 2 and 7 days of culture in contact with pristine and Ag@C18-nGO-coated samples after fluorescent staining of actin filaments (green) and cell nuclei (blue) with FITC-phallodin and DAPI (scale bare: 200 μM).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Microbial biofilm development of E. coli (a), P. aeruginosa (b), S. aureus (c), and E. faecalis (d) after different incubation periods with Ag@C18-nGO coatings obtained at 400 mJ/cm2; expressed as CFU/mL values.
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