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. 2023 Dec 28;25(1):402.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25010402.

The Bmtret 1 Gene Family and Its Potential Role in Response to BmNPV Stress in Bombyx mori

Mingjun Lin  1 , Yixuan Qian  1 , Enxi Chen  1 , Mengjiao Wang  1 , Gui Ouyang  1 , Yao Xu  1   2 , Guodong Zhao  1   2 , Heying Qian  1   2
Affiliations

The Bmtret 1 Gene Family and Its Potential Role in Response to BmNPV Stress in Bombyx mori

Mingjun Lin et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide and participates in physiological activities such as organ formation, energy metabolism, and stress resistance in insects. The Bmtret1 gene family is mainly involved in in the sugar metabolism of silkworm. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis divided 21 Bmtret1 orthologs into three clades. These genes are equally distributed on the nine chromosomes. The cis-elements in the promoter regions of Bmtret1s indicated the possible function of Bmtret1s in response to hormones and environmental stimulus. The qPCR analysis showed the significantly different expression levels of Bmtret1s in different tissues and organs, indicating possible functional divergence. In addition, most Bmtret1s showed disturbed expression levels in response to silkworm nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) stresses. Our results provide a clue for further functional dissection of the Tret1s in Bombyx mori and implicate them as potential regulators of antiviral responses.

Keywords: BmNPV resistance; Bmtret1; Bombyx mori; bioinformatics analysis; viral replication.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic relationships of the TRET1 family genes in Bombyx mori. The sequences of the 21 TRET1 proteins from the above insect were aligned using Clustal Omega, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 11.0 using the NJ method with 1000 bootstrap replicates.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of Bmtret1 genes in Bombyx mori chromosomes. The scale is provided in megabases (Mb).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multiple sequence alignment of Bmtret1 proteins. Conserved sites are indicated by red highlights.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Gene organization of Bmtret1s and cis-elements in promoter regions of Bmtret1s. (a) Phylogenetic tree using 21 Bmtret1s. (b) Exon/intron structures of Bmtret1s. (c) Cis-element distribution in the promoter regions of Bmtret1s.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Transcript levels of Bmtret1s in hemolymph, midgut, fat body, posterior silk gland, and head of Bombyx mori. Three biological replicates were analyzed. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (Duncan’s test, p < 0.05). Values are presented as mean ± SEM. The first three genes belong to branch I, and the expression level of gene of branch II is relatively low. The other genes belong to branch III. (a) BMSK0011410; (b) BMSK0011573; (c) BMSK0011404; (d) BMSK0003818; (e) BMSK0009966; (f) BMSK0015122; (g) BMSK0015774; (h) BMSK0015118; (i) BMSK0015120; (j) BMSK0002683; (k) BMSK0002685; (l) BMSK0008304; (m) BMSK0012519; (n) BMSK0015674; (o) BMSK0007748; (p) BMSK0015633; (q) BMSK0015729; (r) BMSK0015627; (s) BMSK0015638; (t) BMSK0015673.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Expression levels of 20 Bmtret1 genes in response to BmNPV stress conditions. Three biological replicates were analyzed. Asterisks indicate significant differences as determined using Student’s t-test (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001). Values are presented as mean ± SEM. C is the control group and T is the treatment group. The first three genes belong to branch I, and the expression level of gene of branch II is relatively low. The other genes belong to branch III. (a) BMSK0011410; (b) BMSK0011573; (c) BMSK0011404; (d) BMSK0003818; (e) BMSK0009966; (f) BMSK0015122; (g) BMSK0015774; (h) BMSK0015118; (i) BMSK0015120; (j) BMSK0002683; (k) BMSK0002685; (l) BMSK0008304; (m) BMSK0012519; (n) BMSK0015674; (o) BMSK0007748; (p) BMSK0015633; (q) BMSK0015729; (r) BMSK0015627; (s) BMSK0015638; (t) BMSK0015673.
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