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Review
. 2024 Jan;32(1):101913.
doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101913. Epub 2023 Dec 10.

A comprehensive review of discovery and development of drugs discovered from 2020-2022

Usman Shareef  1 , Aisha Altaf  1 , Madiha Ahmed  1 , Nosheen Akhtar  2 , Mohammed S Almuhayawi  3 , Soad K Al Jaouni  4 , Samy Selim  5 , Mohamed A Abdelgawad  6 , Mohammed K Nagshabandi  7
Affiliations
Review

A comprehensive review of discovery and development of drugs discovered from 2020-2022

Usman Shareef et al. Saudi Pharm J. 2024 Jan.

Abstract

To fully evaluate and define the new drug molecule for its pharmacological characteristics and toxicity profile, pre-clinical and clinical studies are conducted as part of the drug research and development process. The average time required for all drug development processes to finish various regulatory evaluations ranges from 11.4 to 13.5 years, and the expense of drug development is rising quickly. The development in the discovery of newer novel treatments is, however, largely due to the growing need for new medications. Methods to identify Hits and discovery of lead compounds along with pre-clinical studies have advanced, and one example is the introduction of computer-aided drug design (CADD), which has greatly shortened the time needed for the drug to go through the drug discovery phases. The pharmaceutical industry will hopefully be able to address the present and future issues and will continue to produce novel molecular entities (NMEs) to satisfy the expanding unmet medical requirements of the patients as the success rate of the drug development processes is increasing. Several heterocyclic moieties have been developed and tested against many targets and proved to be very effective. In-depth discussion of the drug design approaches of newly found drugs from 2020 to 2022, including their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and in-vitro and in-vivo assessments, is the main goal of this review. Considering the many stages these drugs are going through in their clinical trials, this investigation is especially pertinent. It should be noted that synthetic strategies are not discussed in this review; instead, they will be in a future publication.

Keywords: CADD; Characterize; Clinical candidates; Drug discovery and development; NMEs; Unmet medical needs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

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Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Drugs discovered in 2020–2022 that are currently in clinical development phase.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The chemical structures of the anti-cancer drugs discovered in 2020–2022.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The chemical structures of the anti-viral drugs discovered in 2020–2022.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The chemical structures of the antibacterial drugs discovered in 2020–2022.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The chemical structures of the drugs for autoimmune diseases discovered in 2020–2022.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The chemical structures of the drugs for Alzheimer’s diseases discovered in 2020–2022.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The chemical structures of the drugs for Insomnia and Mood disorder discovered in 2020–2022.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
The chemical structures of the drugs for type 1 diabetes and diabetes related complications discovered in 2020–2022.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
The chemical structures of the drugs for CVS diseases discovered in 2020–2022.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
The chemical structures of the drugs for Fibrotic diseases discovered in 2020–2022.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
The chemical structures of the drugs for metabolic disorder and chronic pain discovered in 2020–2022.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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