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. 2023 Dec 12;8(2):bvad153.
doi: 10.1210/jendso/bvad153. eCollection 2024 Jan 5.

Gonadal Function in Boys with Bilateral Undescended Testes

Angela K Lucas-Herald  1 , Khalid I Alkanhal  1   2 , Emma Caney  1 , Iman Malik  1 , Malika Alimussina  1 , Jane D McNeilly  3 , Timothy Bradnock  4 , Boma Lee  5 , Mairi Steven  5 , Martyn Flett  5 , Stuart O'Toole  5 , Ruth McGowan  1   6 , S Faisal Ahmed  1
Affiliations

Gonadal Function in Boys with Bilateral Undescended Testes

Angela K Lucas-Herald et al. J Endocr Soc. .

Abstract

Background: Bilateral undescended testes (BUDT) may be a marker of an underlying condition that affects sex development or maturation.

Aims: To describe the extent of gonadal dysfunction in cases of BUDT who had systematic endocrine and genetic evaluation at a single tertiary pediatric center.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of all boys with BUDT who had endocrine evaluation between 2008 and 2021 at the Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow (RHCG). Continuous variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U and non-continuous variables using Fisher's exact, via Graphpad Prism v 8.0. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify any associations between groups. A P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: A total of 243 bilateral orchidopexies were performed at RHCG between 2008 and 2021. Of these 130 (53%) boys were seen by the endocrine team. The median (range) age at first orchidopexy was 1 year (0.2, 18.0) with 16 (12%) requiring re-do orchidopexy. The median External Masculinization Score of the group was 10 (2, 11) with 33 (25%) having additional genital features. Of the 130 boys, 71 (55%) had extragenital anomalies. Of the 70 who were tested, a genetic abnormality was detected in 38 (54%), most commonly a chromosomal variant in 16 (40%). Of the 100 who were tested, endocrine dysfunction was identified in 38 (38%).

Conclusion: Genetic findings and evidence of gonadal dysfunction are common in boys who are investigated secondary to presentation with BUDT. Endocrine and genetic evaluation should be part of routine clinical management of all cases of BUDT.

Keywords: cryptorchidism; gonadal function; hCG; orchidopexy.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Numbers of boys with abnormal endocrine biochemistry and the presence or absence of any genetic alterations. Abbreviations: AMH, anti-Müllerian hormone; T, testosterone.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Endocrine findings in boys presenting with bilateral inguinal (n = 99) vs bilateral abdominally situated testes (n = 23). Analysis done via Mann–Whitney U. Abbreviations: B, basal; P, peak.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Biochemistry in boys requiring a re-do operation (n = 16) compared to those who did not (n = 114). Analysis done via Mann–Whitney U. Abbreviations: B, basal; P, peak.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Biochemistry in boys with isolated BUDT (n = 83) compared to those with complex BUDT (n = 16) with additional genital anomalies. Analysis done via Mann–Whitney U. Abbreviations: B, basal; BUDT, bilateral undescended testes; P, peak.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Recommendations for management of boys with bilateral undescended testes.
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